Aneurysm: Epidemiology Aetiology and Pathophysiology

Sakalihasan, Natzi; Kuivaniemi, Helena; Nusgens, Betty; Durieux, Rodolphe; Defraigne, Jean-Olivier

doi:10.1007/8415_2010_47

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Aneurysm: Epidemiology Aetiology and Pathophysiology

Sakalihasan, Natzi; Kuivaniemi, Helena; Nusgens, Betty et al.

2011 • In Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials

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10.1007/8415_2010_47

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Keywords :

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Wall; Intracranial Aneurysm

Abstract :

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is a chronic degenerative disorder and is an important cause of preventable deaths in older patients. Prevalence rates are estimated between 1.3 and 8.9% in men and between 1.0 and 2.2% in women. However, with the aging of the population and the increasing number of smokers, the incidence of the AAA is rising. The prevalence and incidence of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) is more difficult to assess than for the abdominal portion of the aorta due to poorer access to screening. The overall incidence rate of TAAs is estimated at 10.4 per 100,000 person-years. The classical risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as tobacco smoking, male sex, age, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia have all been found to be also risk factors for AAA. The pathophysiology of the aorta above and below the diaphragm has shown significant differences in biomechanical properties, atherosclerotic distribution, proteolytic pattern, and cell signaling pathways that have implications in the development of an aortic aneurysm. During the last decades an overwhelming amount of evidence has been accumulated in support of genetic risk factors contributing to the development, growth and rupture of aneurysms in different segments of the arterial tree. Inflammation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) also play a key role in the pathogenesis of AAA by causing proteolytic degradation of structural proteins. The size of an aneurysm is a universally recognized factor in predicting the probability of rupture; the risk of rupture increases as the diameter of the aneurysm increases. Rupture occasionally occurs in small aneurysms. The risk of rupture and dissection of TAAs also increase with increasing diameter. In addition, not only the size but also the growth rate of the aneurysm has been consistently shown to be critical in predicting rupture. © 2010, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Disciplines :

Cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Surgery

Author, co-author :

Sakalihasan, Natzi ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Chirurgie cardio-vasculaire et thoracique

Kuivaniemi, Helena; Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States

Nusgens, Betty ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques

Durieux, Rodolphe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques

Defraigne, Jean-Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Chirurgie cardio-vasculaire et thoracique

Language :

English

Title :

Aneurysm: Epidemiology Aetiology and Pathophysiology

Publication date :

2011

Main work title :

Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials

Publisher :

Springer

Peer reviewed :

Editorial reviewed

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since 21 May 2024

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