Agache P (2004) Measurements: the why and how. In: Agache P, Humbert P (eds) Measuring the skin. Non invasive investigations, physiology, normal constants. Springer, Berlin, pp 6-15
Aramaki J, Effendyl, Happle R et al (2001) Which bioengineering assay is appropriate for irritant patch testing with sodium lauryl sulfate? Contact Dermatitis 45:286-290
Arbogast JW, Fendler EJ, Hammond BS et al (2004) Effectiveness of a hand care regimen with moisturizer in manufacturing facilities where workers are prone to occupational irritant dermatitis. Dermatitis 15:10-17
Astner S, Gonzalez E, Cheung AC et al (2005) Non-invasive evaluation of the kinetics of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 124:351-359
Astner S, Gonzalez S, Gonzalez E (2006) Noninvasive evaluation of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy. Contact Dermatitis 17:182-191
Basketter D, Darlenski R, Fluhr JW (2008) Skin irritation and sensitization: mechanisms and new approaches for risk assessment.2. Skin sensitization. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 21:191-202
Batisse D, Giron F, Lévêque JL (2006) Capacitance imaging of the skin surface. Skin Res Technol 12:99-104
Berardesca E (1997) EEMCO guidance for the assessment of stratum corenum hydration: electrical methods. Skin Res Technol 3:126-132
Berardesca E, Lévêque JL, Masson P (2002) EEMCO guidance for the measurement of skin microcirculation. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 15:442-456
Berndt U, Hinnen U, Iliev D et al (1999) Is occupational irritant contact dermatitis predictable by cutaneous bioengineering methods? Results of the Swiss metalworkers’ eczema study (Prometes). Dermatology 198:351-354
Berndt U, Wigger-Alberti W, Gabard B et al (2000) Efficacy of a barrier cream and its vehicle as protective measures against occupational irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 42:77-80
Bircher A, de Boer EM, Agner T et al (1994) Guidelines for measurement of cutaneous blood flow by laser doppler flowmetry. A report from the standardization group of the European society of contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 30:65-72
Branco N, Lee I, Zhai H et al (2005) Long-term repetitive sodium lauryl sulfate-induced irritation of the skin: an in vivo study. Contact Dermatitis 53:278-284
Caspers PJ, Lucassen GW, Carter EA et al (2001) In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopyofthe skin: non-invasive determination ofmolec-ular concentration profiles. J Invest Dermatol 116:434-442
Charbonnier V, Morrison BM Jr, Paye M et al (2000) An open assay model to induce subclinical non-erythematous irritation. Contact Dermatitis 42:207-211
Chrit L, Bastien P, Sockalingum GD et al (2006) An in vivo randomized study of human skin moisturization by a new confocal Raman fiberoptic microprobe: assessment of a glycerol-based hydration cream. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 19:207-215
Elsner P, Wilhelm D, Maibach HI (1990) Multiple parameter assessment of vulvar irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 23:20-26
Feingold KR, Schmuth M, Elias PM (2007) The regulation ofpermeability barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 127:1574-1576
Ferreira DM, Silva CS, Souza MN (2007) Electrical impedance model for evaluation of skin irritation in rabbits and humans. Skin Res Technol 13:259-267
Fluhr JW, Elias PM (2002) Stratum corneum pH: formation and functions of the “acid mantle”. Exog Dermatol 1:163-175
Fluhr JW, Kuss O, Diepgen T et al (2001) Testing for irritation with a multifactorial approach: comparison of eight non-invasive measuring techniques on five different irritation types. Br J Dermatol 145:696-703
Fluhr JW, Akengin A, Bornkessel A et al (2005) Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo. Br J Dermatol 153:125-131
Fluhr JW, Feingold KR, Elias PM (2006) Transepidermal water loss reflects permeability barrier status: validation in human and rodent in vivo and ex vivo models. Exp Dermatol 15:483-492
Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Angelova-Fischer I et al (2008) Skin irritation and sensitization: mechanisms and new approaches for risk assessment. 1. Skin irritation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 21:124-135
Fuchs SM, Schliemann-Willers S, Fischer TW et al (2005) Protective effects of different marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and rosemary cream preparations against sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 18:195-200
Fuchs SM, Heinemann C, Schliemann-Willers S et al (2006) Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos in sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin Res Technol 12: 223-227
Fullerton A, Fischer T, Lahti Aetal (1996) Guidelines for measurement of skin colour and erythema. A report from the standardization group of the European society of contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 35:1-10
Fullerton A, Rode B, Serum J (2002a) Skin irritation typing and grading based on laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Skin Res Technol 8:23-31
Fullerton A, Stucker M, Wilhelm KP et al (2002b) Guidelines for visualization of cutaneous blood flow by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. A report from the standardization group of the European society of contact dermatitis based upon the HIRELADO European community project. Contact Dermatitis 46:129-140
Gabard B, Chatelain E, Bieli E et al (2001) Surfactant irritation: in vitro corneosurfametry and in vivo bioengineering. Skin Res Technol 7:49-55
Goffin V, Piérard GE (2001) Microwave corneosurfametry and the short-duration dansyl chloride extraction test for rating concentrated irritant surfactants. Dermatology 202:46-48
Goffin V, Paye M, Piérard GE (1995) Comparison of in vivo predictive tests for irritation induced b anionic surfactants. Contact Dermatitis 3:38-41
Goffin V, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE (1998) Shielded corneosurfametry and corneoxenometry: novel bioassays for the assessment of skin barrier products. Dermatology 196:434-437
Goffin V, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE (1999a) Passive sustainable hydration of the stratum corneum following surfactant challenge. Clin Exp Dermatol 24:308-311
Goffin V, Fontaine J, Piérard GE et al (1999b) Comparative surfactant reactivity of canine and human stratum corneum. A plea for the use of the corneosurfametry bioassay. Altern Lab Anim 27:103-109
Goffin V, Henry F, Piérard GE et al (2000) Penetration enhancers assessed by corneoxenometry. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 13:280-284
Hachem JP, Crumrine D, Fluhr J et al (2003) pH directly regulates epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, and stratum corneum integrity/cohesion. J Invest Dermatol 121:345-353
Harding CR, Long S, Richardson J et al (2003) The cornified cell envelope: an important marker of stratum corneum maturation in healthy and dry skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 25:157-167
Henry F, Goffin V, Maibach HI et al (1997) Regional differences in stratum corneum reactivity to surfactants: quantitative assessment using the corneosurfametry bioassay. Contact Dermatitis 37:271-275
Hicks SP, Swindells KJ, Middelkamp-Hup MA et al (2003) Confocal histopathology of irritant contact dermatitis in vivo and the impact of skin color (black vs white). J Am Acad Dermatol 48:727-734
Hirao T, Denda M, Takahashi M (2001) Identification of immature cornified envelopes in the barrier-impaired epidermis by characterization of their hydrophobicity and antigenicities of the components. Exp Dermatol 10:35-44
Iliev D, Hinnen U, Elsner P (1998) Skin bioengineering methods in occupational dermatology. Curr Probl Dermatol 26:145-150
John SM, Uter W, Schwanitz HJ (2000) Relevance of multiparametric skin bioengineering in a prospectively-followed cohort of junior hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 43:161-168
Korinth G, Göen T, Koch HM et al (2005) Visible and subclinical skin changes in male and female dispatch department workers of newspaper printing plants. Skin Res Technol 11:132-139
Kuzmina N, Duval C, Johnsson S et al (2003) Assessment of irritant skin reactions using electrical impedance- a comparison between 2 laboratories. Contact Dermatitis 49:26-31
Lévêque JL (1999) EEMCO guidance for the assessment of skin topography. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 12:103-114
Lévêque JL, Querleux B (2003) SkinChip®, a new tool for investigating the skin surface in vivo. Skin Res Technol 9:343-347
Marrakchi S, Maibach HI (2006) Sodium lauryl sulfate-induced irritation in the human face: regional and age-related differences. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 19:177-180
Parra JL, Paye M, The EEMCO Group (2003) EEMCO guidance for the in vivo assessment of skin surface pH. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 16:188-202
Paye M, Simion FA, Pierard GE (1994) Dansyl chloride labelling of stratum corneum: its rapid extraction from skin can predict skin irritation due to surfactants and cleansing products. Contact Dermatitis 30:91-96
Paye M, Gomes G, Zerweck CR et al (1999) A hand immersion test under laboratory controlled usage conditions: the need for sensitive and controlled assessment methods. Contact Dermatitis 40:133-138
Paye M, Cartiaux Y, Goffin V et al (2001) Hand and forearm skin: comparison of their respective responsiveness to surfactants. Skin Res Technol 7:78-83
Pena Ferreira R, Costa P, Bahia F (2003) Visioscan VC 98 application: a comparison study between coarse and smooth surface. Skin Res Technol 9:204-205
Piérard GE (1996) EEMCO guidance for the assessment of dry skin (xerosis) and ichtyosis: evaluation by stratum corneum strippings. Skin Res Technol 2:3-11
Piérard GE (1998) EEMCO guidance for the assessment of skin colour. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 10:1-11
Piérard GE, Goffin V, Hermanns-Lê T et al (1995) Surfactant-induced dermatitis: comparison of corneosurfametry with predictive testing on human and reconstructed skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:462-469
Piérard-Franchimont C, Henry F, Piérard GE (2000) The SACD method and the XLRS squamometry tests revisited. Int J Cosmet Sci 22: 437-446
Piérard-Franchimont C, Arrese Estrada J, Quatresooz P et al (2010) Cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings. In: Farage M, Miller KW, Maibach HI (eds) Textbook of aging skin. Springer, Berlin, pp 393-399
Pinnagoda J, Tupker RA, Agner T et al (1990) Guideliens for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement. A report from the standardization group of the European society of contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 22:164-178
Quatresooz P, Piérard GE (2009) The Visioscan-driven ULEV and SELS methods. In: Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI (eds) Handbook of cosmetic science and technology, 3rd edn. Informa Healthcare, New York, pp 283-290
Rawlings AV (2006) Ethnic skin types: are there differences in skin structure and function? Part 1. Int J Cosmet Sci 28:79-93
Rhein ED, Robbins CR, Ferne Ketal(1986) Surfactant structure effects on swelling of isolated human stratum corneum. J Soc Cosmet Chem 37:125-139
Rogiers V (2001) EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 14:117-128
Schmid K, Broding HC, Uter W et al (2005) Transepidermal water loss and incidence of hand dermatitis in a prospectively followed cohort of apprentice nurses. Contact Dermatitis 52:247-253
Schmid-Wendtner MH, Korting HC (2006) The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 19:296-302
Serup J (2005) Howto choose and use non-invasive methods. In: Serup J, Jemec G, Grove G (eds) Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, pp 9-13
Smith HR, Rowson M, Basketter DA et al (2004) Intra-individual variation of irritant threshold and relationship to transepidermal water loss measurement of skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis 51:26-29
Tupker RA (2003) Prediction of irritancy in the human skin irritancy model and occupational setting. Contact Dermatitis 49:61-69
Uhoda E, Goffin V, Piérard GE (2003a) Responsive corneosurfametry following in vivo preconditioning. Contact Dermatitis 49:292-296
Uhoda E, Paye M, Piérard GE (2003b) Comparative clinical electrometric assessments of the impact of surfactants on forearm skin. Exog Dermatol 2:64-69
Uhoda E, Piérard-Franchimont C, Petit L et al (2003c) Skin weathering and ashiness in black Africans. Eur J Dermatol 13:574-578
Uhoda E, Leveque JL, Piérard GE (2005) Silicon image sensor technology for in vivo detection of surfactant-induced corneocyte swelling and drying. Dermatology 210:184-188
Van Cromphaut I, Fumal I, Jacquemin D et al (1999) Skin barrier repair after burns. Electrometric evaluation using the passive sustainable hydration test. J Environ Med 1:47-50
Wagner H, Kostka KH, Lehr CM et al (2003) pH profiles in human skin: influence of two in vitro test systems for drug delivery testing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 55:57-65
Welzel J, Bruhns M, Wolff HH (2003) Optical coherence tomography in contact dermatitis and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 295:50-55
Wigger-Alberti W, Spoo J, Schliemann-Willers S et al (2002) The tandem repeated irritation test: a new method to assess prevention of irritant combination damage to the skin. Acta Derm Venereol 82:94-97
Wilhelm KP, Cua AB, Wolff HH et al (1993) Surfactant-inducted stratum corneum hydration in vivo: prediction of the irritation potential of anionic surfactants. J Invest Dermatol 101:310-315
Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Loussouarn G, Haubrechts C et al (2006) Skin capacitance imaging and corneosurfametry. A comparative assessment of the impact of surfactants on stratum corneum. Contact Dermatitis 54:249-253
Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Macarenko E, Denooz R et al (2008a) Skin protection creams in medical settings: successful or evil? J Occup Med Toxicol 3:15-20
Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE (2008b) Effect of various concentrations of glycolic acid at the corneoxenometry and collaxenometry bioassays. J Cosmet Dermatol 7:194-198
Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Piérard GE, Quatresooz P (2010) The skin landscape following nonoptical capacitance imaging. Am J Clin Dermatol 11:89-94
Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Mayeux G, Quatresooz P et al (2011) Facing up to the imperceptible perspiration. Modulation influences by diabetic neuropathy, physical exercise and antiperspirant. Skin Res Technol. Epub Mar 28
Zhai H, Brachman F, Pelosi A et al (2000) A bioeingineering study on the efficacy of a skin protectant lotion in preventing SLS-induced dermatitis. Skin Res Technol 6:77-80
Zhai H, Fautz R, Fuchs A et al (2002) Assessment of the subclinical irritation of surfactants: a screening open assay model. Exog Dermatol 1:238-241
Zuang V, Rona C, Archer G et al (2000) Detection of skin irritation potential of cosmetics by non-invasive measurements. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 13:358-371