pregnancy-associated glycoproteins; pregnancy markers; cattle; RIA; Trächtigkeits-assozierte Glykoproteine; Trächtigkeits-Marker; Rind; glycoprotéines associées à la gestation; marqueurs; bovins; glicoproteine associatate alla gravidanza; marcatori; bovini
Abstract :
[en] Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are powerful pregnancy markers in domestic cattle. These proteins are expressed in mono- and binucleate trophoblast cells from the first days of gestation until calving. Different molecules were identified as being expressed at various stages of pregnancy. However, up to date, their functions and activities during pregnancy were not yet established. Specific RIA tests were developed (classic and alternative RIA) and used to measure the concentration of these glycoproteins in blood during gestation and the postpartum period in cattle. In maternal blood, PAGs rise to detectable levels from the 24th-28th days after fertilization. A recent study indicated that PAGs can also be detected in milk samples. However, concentrations in milk are much lower when compared to those of plasma. [fr] Les glycoprotéines associées à la gestation (pregnancy associated glycoproteins, PAG) sont des marqueurs importants pour le diagnostic de gestation chez les bovins. Ces protéines sont synthétisées par des cellules trophoblastiques spéciales (mono- et plurinuclées) durant les premiers jours de la gestation et jusqu’au vêlage. Suivant le stade de gestation, elles expriment diverses molécules dont la fonction et l’effet ne sont pas encore connues aujourd’hui. Ces glycoprotéines peuvent être mises en évidence dans le sang durant la gestation et la phase puerpérale au moyen de RIA développés spécifiquement. La concentration de PAG dans le sang maternel augmente significativement dès le 24e-28e jour après la fécondation et peut être mesurée radioimmunologiquement. Une étude réalisée récemment montre que les PAG peuvent aussi être mises en évidence dans le lait où elles sont toutefois en concentration plus faible que dans le sang [it] Le glicoproteine associatate alla gravidanza (pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, PAG) sono dei marcatori per confermare la gravidanza nei bovini. Queste proteine vengono formate da speciali cellule trofoblaste (con un o più nuclei) nei primi giorni di gravidanza fino alla filiazione. Durante vari momenti della gravidanza queste vengono espresse come molecole differenti la cui funzione non è finora molto conosciuta. Grazie ad un nuovo e sviluppato specificamente RIA (classico e alternativo) queste glicoproteine possono essere determinate nel sangue durante la gravidanza e nella fase postparto. Dal 24esimo al 28esimo giorno, la concentrazione di PAG nel sangue materno aumenta nettamente dopo l’inseminazione tanto da ottenerne una misura radioimmunologica. Effettuando una breve analisi si rileva che la PAG viene riscontrata pure nel latte ma a concentrazioni molto inferiori che nel sangue materno [de] Trächtigkeits-assozierte Glykoproteine (pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, PAG) sind bedeutungsvolle Marker zur Feststellung der Trächtigkeit beim Rind. Diese Proteine werden von speziellen Trophoblastzellen (ein- und mehrkernig) in den ersten Tagen der Trächtigkeit bis zum Abkalben gebildet. Während verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Trächtigkeit werden sie als unterschiedliche Moleküle exprimiert, über deren Funktion und Wirkung bis heute wenig bekannt ist. Mit Hilfe von neu entwickelten spezifischen RIAs (klassische und alternative) können diese Glykoproteine im Blut während Trächtigkeit und Nachgeburtsphase bestimmt werden. Die Konzentration von PAG steigt ab Tag 24 bis 28 nach der Befruchtung im mütterlichen Blut deutlich an und kann radioimmunlogisch gemessen werden. Eine kürzliche durchgeführte Untersuchung zeigt, dass PAGs auch in der Milch nachgewiesen werden können, doch sind ihre Konzentrationen deutlich tiefer als im Blut der Mutter
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Gajewski, Zdzislaw; WULS Warsaw, Poland > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Pertajitis; WULS Warsaw, Poland > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Melo de Sousa, Noelita ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie de la reproduction
Beckers, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie de la reproduction
Pawliński, B.; WULS Warsaw, Poland > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Janett, P.; University of Zürich, Switzerland > Clinic for Reproductive medicine
Language :
English
Title :
Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins as diagnostic tool in cattle reproduction
Alternative titles :
[fr] Glycoprotéines associées à la gestation: un nouveau moyen de diagnostic en élevage bovin [it] Glicoproteine associate alla gravidanza come nuovo mezzo diagnostico nell’allevamento dei bovini [de] Trächtigkeits-assozierte Glykoproteine als neues Diagnostikum in der Rinderzucht
Atkinson Y. H., Gogolin-Ewem K. J., Hounsel E. F., Davies M. J., Brandon M. R., Seamark R. F.: Characterization of placentation-specific binucleate cell glycoproteins possessing a novel carbohydrate. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268: 26679-26685.
Beckers J. F., Roberts R. M., Zoli A. P., Ectors F., Derivaux J.: Molecules of the family of aspartic proteinases in the placenta of ruminants: hormones or proteins ? Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg. 1994, 149:355-364.
Beckers J. F., Dewulf M., Verstegen J., Wouters-Ballman P., Ectors F.: Isolation of a bovine chorionic gonadotrophin (bCG). Theriogenology, 1988, 29: 216.
Beckers J. F., Zarrouk A., Batalha E. S., Garbayo J. M., Mester L., Szenci O.: Endocrinology of pregnancy: chorionic somatomammotropins and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. Review Acta Vet. Hung. 1998, 46: 175-189.
Beckers J. F., Drion P.F., Garbayo J. M., Perenyi Z., Zarrouk A., Sulon J., Remy B., Szenci O.: Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in ruminants: inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family: A. Vet. Hung. 1999, 47: 461-469.
Butler J. E., Hamilton W. C., Sasser R, G., Ruder C. A., Hass G. M., Williams R. J.: Detection and partial characterization of two bovine pregnancy-specific proteins. Biol. Reprod. 1982,26: 925-933.
Chavatte-Palmer P., Sousa N. M., Laigre P., Camous S., Pouter A. A., Beckers J. F., Heytnan Y.: Ultrasound fetal measurements and pregnancy associated glycoprotein secretion in early pregnancy in cattle recipients carrying somatic clones. 2006, 66: 829-840.
Gajewski Z., Beckers J. F., Sousa. N. M., Thun R., Sulon J., Faundez R.: Determination of pregnancy associated glycoprotein concentrations in sheep: a retrospective study. Adv. Cell Biology, 1999, 26:89-96.
Gajewski Z., Sousa N. M., Konopka A.: Determination of PAG in the milk and blood in cows in comparison to other examination methods for pregnancy diagnosis. Proc. XXV WBC Budapest, 2008a, 92-97.
Gajewski Z., Sousa M. N., Beckers J. F., Pawlinski B.: Concentration of bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein in plasma and milk: its application for pregnancy diagnosis in cows. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2008b, 59:55-64.
Garbayo J. M., Remy B., Albert J. L., Folch J., Wattiez R., Felmagne P., Beckers J. R: Isolation and partial characterization of a pregnancy-associated glycoporten (PAG) family from the goat placenta. Biol. Reprod. 1998, 58:109-115.
Garbayo J. M., Green J. A., Manikkam M., Beckers J. F, Kiesling D. O., Ealy A. D.: Caprine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG): their cloning, expression, and evolutionary relationship to other PAG. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2000, 57: 311-322.
Gonzalez F., Sulon J., Garbayo J., M., Batista M., Cabrera F., Calero P.: Secretory profiles of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins at different stages of pregnancy in the goat., Reprod. Dom. Anim, 2000, 35: 79-82.
Green J. A., Xie S., Roberts R. M.: Pepsin-related molecules secreted by trophoblast. Rev. Reprod 1998, 3: 62-69.
Green J., A., Xie S., Quan X., Bao B., Gau X., Mathialagan N., Beckers J. F., Roberts R. M.: Pregnancy-associated bovine and ovine glycoproteins exhibit spatially and temporally distinct expression patterns during pregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 2000, 62: 1624-1631.
Green J. A., Parks T. E., Avalle M. P., Telugu B. P., McLain A. L., Peterson A. J., McMillan W., Mathialagan N., Hook P. R., Xie S., Roberts R. M.: The establishment of an ELISA for the detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in the serum of pregnant cows and heifers. Theriogenology, 2005, 63: 1481-1503.
Humblot P., Camous S., Mortal J., Charlery J., Jeanguyot N., Thibier M., Sasser R. G.: Pregnancy specific protein B, progesterone concentrations and embryonic mortality during early pregnancy in dairy cows. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1988, 83: 215-223.
Karen A., Beckers J.F, Sulon J., Sousa N. M., Szabados K., Reczigel J., Szenci O.: Early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep by progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein tests. Theriogenology, 2003, 59: 1941-1948.
Klisch K., Boos A., Friedrich M., Herzog K., Feldmann M., Sousa N. M., Beckers J. F., Leiser R., Schuler G.: The glycosylation of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and prolactin-related protein-I in bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells changes before parturition. Reprod. 2006, 132: 791-798.
Lopez-Gatius F., Garbayo J.,M., Santolaria P., Yaniz J., Ayad A., Sousa N. M.: Milk production correlates negatively with plasma levels of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) during the early fetal period in high producing dairy cows with live fetuses. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 2007, 32: 29-42.
Metelo R., Sulon J., Moreira da Silva R., Beckers J. F: Preliminary results for measuring bovine PAG in milk samples. 7ème Journée de Rencontre Bioforum, BioLiege, Association des Biotechnologistes Liegeois, Liège, 2002.
Mialon M. M., Camous S., Renand G., Martal J., Menissier F.: Peripheral concentrations of a 60kDa pregnancy serum protein during gestation and after calving and in relationship to embryonic mortality in cattle. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 1993, 33: 269-282.
Patel O. V., Takahashi T., Imai K., HashizumeK.: Generation and purification of recombinant bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein. Vet. J. 2004, 168: 328-335.
Perényi Z.: Investigations on pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in the cow. PhD Thesis, University of Liège, 2002a.
Perényi Z., Szenci O., Drion P. V, Banga-Mboko H., Sousa N. M., El Amiri B., Beckers J. F.: Aspartic proteinases members secreted by the ruminant placenta: specific of three radioimmunoassay system for the measurement of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2002b, 37: 324-329.
Perényi Z. S., Szenci O., Sulon J., Drion P. V., Beckers J. F.: Comparison of the ability of three radioimmunoassays to detect pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in bovine plasma. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2002c, 37:100-104.
Roberts R. M., Xie S., Nagel R. J., Low B., Green J., Beckers J. R: Glycoproteins of the aspartyl proteinase gene family secreted by the developing placenta. In: Aspartic Proteinases: Structure, Function, Biology, and Biomedical Implications. Ed. K. Takahashi, Plenum Press, Tokyo, 1995.
Sasser R. G., Crock J., Ruder C.A.: Characteristics of pregnancyspecific protein B in cattle. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1989, 37 (Suppl.): 109-113.
Sousa N. M., Zonga M., Pitala W., Boly H., Sawadogo L, Saron M., Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations during pregnancy and the postpartum period in Azawak Zebu cattle. Theriogenology, 2003, 59:1131-1142.
Sousa N. M., Ayad A., Beckers J. F, Gajewski Z.: Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) as pregnancy markers in the ruminants. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2006,57 (Suppl. 8): 153-171.
Sousa N. M., Beckers J. F., Gajewski Z: Current trends in follow-up of trophoblastic function in Ruminant species.: J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2008, 59 (Suppl.9): 65-74.
Szafrańska B., Xie S., Green J., Roberts R. M.: Porcine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins: new member of the aspartic proteinase gene family expressed in trophectoderm. Biol. Reprod. 1995, 53:21-28.
Szenci O., Beckers J. F, Humblot P.: Comparsion of ultrasonography, bovine pregnancy-specific protein B, and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 test for pregnancy detection in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 1998a, 50: 77-88.
Szenci O., Taverne M. A., Beckers J. F.: Evaluation of false ultrasonographic diagnoses in cows by measuring plasma levels of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1.Vet. Rec. 1998b, 142: 304-306.
Szenci O., Beckers J. F., Sulon J., Bevers M. M., Børzsønyi L., Fodor L.: Effect of induction of late embryonic mortality on plasma profiles of pregnane) associated glycoprotein 1 in heifers. Vet. J. 2003, 165:307-313.
Tainturier D, Bdel M, Beckers J. F, Fieni F.: Cinetique de la bPAG dans le plasma et dans le laitau cours des trois semaines suivant le part chez la vache laitere. Actualite Scientifique-Reproduction et Production Latiere, Ed. Aupelf-Uref, 1996.
Ushizawa K, Herath C. B., Kaneyama K.: cDNA microarray analysis of bovine embryo gene expression profiles during the pre-implantation period. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2004, 2: 77.
Wooding F. B. P., Roberts R. M., Green J. A.: Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of pregnane) associated glycoproteins (PAGs) throughout pregnane) in the cow: possible functional implications. Placenta, 2005, 26:807-827.
Xie S., Low R.C., Nagel R. J ., Kramer K. K, Anthony R. V., Zoli A. P., Beckers J. F, Roberts R. M.: Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, 88:10247-10251.
Xie S., Green J., Beckers J. R, Roberts R. M.: The gene encoding bovine pregnancy-associated glucoprotein-1, an inactive member of the aspartic proteinase family. Gene, 1995, 159: 193-197.
Zoli A. P., Beckers J. F., Wouters-Ballman P., Closset J., Falmagne P., Ectors F.: Purification and characterization of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein. Biol. Reprod. 1991, 45: 1-10.
Zoli A. P., Guilbault L. A., Delabaut P., Ortiz W. B., Beckers J. F.: Radioimmunoassay of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein in serum: its application for pregnancy diagnosis. Biol. Reprod, 1992, 46:83-92.