Adl MS, Simpson AGB, Farmer MA, Andersen RA, Anderson OR, Barta J, Bowser SS, Brugerolle G, Fensome RA, Fredericq S, James TY, Karpov S, Kugrens P, Krug J, Lane C, Lewis LA, Lodge J, Lynn DH, Mann DG, McCourt RM, Mendoza L,MoestrupØ,Mozley-Standridge SE, Nerad TA, Shearer CA, Smirnov AV, Spiegel F, Taylor FJR. 2005. The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52, 399-451. (Pubitemid 43923926)
Algeo TJ, Scheckler SE, Maynard JB. 2001. Effects ofMiddle to Late Devonian spread of vascular land plants on weathering regimes, marine biotas, and global climate. In: Gensel PG, Edwards D eds. Plants invade the land: Evolutionary and environmental perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press. 213-236.
Andrews HN. 1960. Note on Belgian specimens of Sporogonites. The Palaeobotanist 7: 85-89.
Barghoorn ES, Darrah WC. 1938. Horneophyton, a necessary change of name for Hornea. Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets 6: 142-144.
Becker B, Marin B. 2009. Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes. Annals of Botany 103: 999-1004.
Beerling DJ. 2005. Leaf evolution: Gases, genes and geochemistry. Annals of Botany 96: 345-352. (Pubitemid 41191486)
Beerling DJ, Berner R. 2005. Feedbacks and the coevolution of plants and atmospheric CO2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 1302-1305. (Pubitemid 40209165)
Bennici A. 2008. Origin and early evolution of land plants: Problems and considerations. Communicative & Integrative Biology 1: 212-218.
Berner R. 1997. The rise of plants and their effect on weathering and atmospheric CO2. Science 276: 544-546. (Pubitemid 27193669)
Berner R. 2001. The effect of the rise of land plants on atmospheric CO2 during the Paleozoic. In: Gensel PG, Edwards D eds. Plants invade the land: Evolutionary and environmental approaches. New York: Columbia University Press. 173-178.
Bower FO. 1890. On antithetic as distinct from homologous alternation of generations in plants. Annals of Botany 4: 347-370.
Bower FO. 1908. The origin of land flora: A theory based upon the facts of alternation. London: MacMillan & Co.
Bower FO. 1935. Primitive land plants, also known as the archegoniatae. London: MacMillan & Co.
Boyce CK, Cody GD, Fogel ML, Hazen RM, Alexander CMOD, Knoll AH. 2003. Chemical evidence for cell lignification and the evolution of tracheids in Early Devonian plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164: 691-702. (Pubitemid 37417961)
Boyce KC. 2008. How green was Cooksonia? The importance of size in understanding the early evolution of physiology in the vascular plant lineage. Paleobiology 34: 179-194.
Boyce KC. 2010. The evolution of plant development in a paleontological context. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13: 102-107.
Celakovsky L. 1874. Ueber die verschiedenen Formen und die Bedeutung des Generationwechsels der Pflanzen. Sitzungsberichte der koeniglichen Boehmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Prague 2: 21-61.
Davies NS, Gibling MR. 2010. Cambrian to Devonian evolution of alluvial systems: The sedimentological impact of the earliest land plants. Earth-Science Reviews 98: 171-200.
Delwiche CF, Graham LE, Thomson N. 1989. Lignin-like compounds and sporopollenin in Coleochaete, an algal model for land plant ancestry. Science 245: 399-401.
Edwards D. 2003. Xylem in early tracheophytes. Plant, Cell and Environment 26: 57-72. (Pubitemid 36117280)
Edwards D. 2004. Embryophytic sporophytes in the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 397-410. (Pubitemid 40102632)
Edwards D, Feehan J. 1980. Record of Cooksonia-type sporangia from late Wenlock strata in Ireland. Nature 287: 41-42.
Edwards D, Axe L, Duckett JG. 2003. Diversity in conducting cells in early land plants and comparisons with extant bryophytes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 297-347. (Pubitemid 36386408)
Edwards D, Davies KL, Axe L. 1992. A vascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature 357: 683-685.
Edwards DS. 1980. Evidence for the sporophyte status of the LowerDevonian plant Rhynia gwynne-vaughnii Kidston and Lang. Reviewof Palaeobotany and Palynology 29: 177-188.
Edwards DS. 1986. Aglaophyton major, a non-vascular landplant from the Devonian Rhynie chert. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 173-204.
El-Saadawy WE-S, Lacey WS. 1979. Observations on Nothia aphylla Lyon ex Høeg. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 27: 119-147.
Feist M, Liu J, Tafforeau P. 2005. New insights into Paleozoic charophyte morphology and phylogeny. American Journal of Botany 92: 1152-1160. (Pubitemid 40902423)
Gensel PG. 2008. The earliest land plants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 39: 459-477.
Gerrienne P, Meyer-Berthaud B. 2007. The proto-ovule Runcaria heinzelinii Stockmans 1968 emend. Gerrienne et al., 2004 (mid-Givetian, Belgium): Concept and epitypification. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 145: 321-323. (Pubitemid 46813146)
Gerrienne P, Bergamaschi S, Pereira E, Rodrigues MAC, Steemans P. 2001. An Early Devonian flora, including Cooksonia, from the Paraná Basin (Brazil). Reviewof Palaeobotany and Palynology 116: 19-38. (Pubitemid 32876178)
Gerrienne P, Dilcher DL, Bergamaschi S, Milagres I, Pereira E, Rodrigues MAC. 2006. An exceptional specimen of the early land plant Cooksonia paranensis, and a hypothesis on the life cycle of earliest Eutracheophytes. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 142: 123-130. (Pubitemid 44767704)
Gerrienne P, Meyer-Berthaud B, Fairon-Demaret M, Streel M, Steemans P. 2004. Runcaria, a Middle Devonian seed plant precursor. Science 306: 856-858. (Pubitemid 39446991)
Gerrienne P, Meyer-Berthaud B, Lardeux H, Régnault S. 2010. First record of Rellimia Leclercq & Bonamo (Aneurophytales) from Gondwana, with comments on the earliest lignophytes. In: Vecoli M, Clément G, Meyer-Berthaud B eds. The terrestrialization process: Modelling complex interactions at the biosphere-geosphere interface. London: The Geological Society of London Special Publications 339: 81-92.
Gonez P, Gerrienne P. 2010. A new definition and a lectotypification of the genus Cooksonia Lang 1937. International Journal of Plant Sciences 171: 199-215.
Graham LE. 1993. Origin of land plants. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Graham LE, Kodner RB, Fisher MM, Graham JM, Wilcox LW, Hackney JM, Obst J, Bilkey PC, Hanson DT, Cook ME. 2004. Early land plant adaptations to terrestrial stress: A focus on phenolics. In: Hemsley AR, Poole I eds. The evolution of plant physiology. Fromwhole plants to ecosystems. London: Elsevier Academic Press. 155-169.
Graham LE, Wilcox LW. 2000. The origin of alternation of generations in land plants: A focus on matrotrophy and hexose transport. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 355: 755-767.
Haeckel E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen: Allgemeine Grundzuge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begrundet durch die von Charles Darwin reformirte Descendez-Theorie. Berlin: Georg Riemer.
Haig D. 2008. Homologous versus antithetic alternation of generations and the origin of sporophytes. The Botanical Review 74: 395-418.
Halle TG. 1916. A fossil sporogonium from the Lower Devonian of Röragen in Norway. Botaniska Notiser 1916: 79-81.
HofmeisterW. 1862. On the germination, development, and fructification of the higher Cryptogamia, and on the fructification of the Coniferae. Piccadilly: Robert Hardwicke.
Karol KS, McCourt RM, Cimino MT, Delwiche CF. 2001. The closest living relatives of land plants. Science 294: 2351-2353. (Pubitemid 33140558)
Kenrick P. 1994. Alternation of generations in land plants: New phylogenetic and palaeobotanical evidence. Biological Reviews 69: 293-330. (Pubitemid 24294433)
Kenrick P. 2000. The relationships of vascular plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 355: 847-855. (Pubitemid 30437960)
Kenrick P, Crane PR. 1991.Water-conducting cells in early fossil land plants: Implications for the early evolution of tracheophytes. Botanical Gazette 152: 335-356.
Kenrick P, Crane PR. 1997a. The origin and early evolution of plants on land. Nature 389: 33-39. (Pubitemid 27387682)
Kenrick P, Crane PR. 1997b. The origin and early diversification of land plants. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Kenrick P, Remy W, Crane PR. 1991. The structure of water conducting cells in the enigmatic early land plants Stockmansella langii Fairon-Demaret, Huvenia kleui Hass et Remy and Sciadophyton sp. Remy et al. 1980. Argumenta Palaeobotonica 8: 179-191.
Kerp H, Trewin NH, Haas H. 2004. New gametophytes from the Early Devonian Rhynie chert. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 411-428. (Pubitemid 40102633)
Kidston R, Lang WH. 1917. On Old Red Sandstone plants showing structure from the Rhynie chert bed, Aberdeenshire. Part I. Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii, Kidston and Lang. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 5: 761-784.
Kidston R, LangWH. 1920. On Old Red Sandstone plants showing structure, from the Rhynie chert bed, Aberdeenshire. Part II. Additional notes on Rhynia gwynne-vaughani Kidston and Lang; with descriptions of Rhynia major, n.sp., and Hornia lignieri, n.g., n.sp. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 52: 603-627.
Kräusel R, Weyland H. 1930. Die Flora des Deutschen Unterdevons. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Geologischen Landesmuseum NF 131: 5-90.
Lewis LA, McCourt RM. 2004. Green algae and the origin of land plants. American Journal of Botany 91: 1535-1556. (Pubitemid 43193718)
McManus HA, Qiu Y-L. 2008. Life cycles in major lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes, with a special reference to the origin of land plants. Fieldiana Botany 47: 17-33.
Meyer-Berthaud B, Decombeix A-L. 2009. L'évolution des premiers arbres: Les stratégies dévoniennes. Comptes-rendus Palevol 8: 155-165.
Meyer-Berthaud B, Soria A, Decombeix A-L. 2010. The land plant cover in the Devonian: A reassessment of the evolution of the tree habit. In: Vecoli M, Clément G, Meyer-Berthaud B eds. The terrestrialization process: Modelling complex interactions at the biosphere-geosphere interface. London: The Geological Society of London Special Publications 339: 59-70.
Niklas KJ, Kutschera U. 2009a. The evolutionary development of plant body plans. Functional Plant Biology 36: 682-695.
Niklas KJ, Kutschera U. 2009b. The evolution of the land plant life cycle. New Phytologist 185: 27-41.
Osborne CP, Chaloner WG, Beerling DJ. 2004. Falling atmospheric CO 2 - the key tomegaphyll leaf origins. In: Hemsley AR, Poole I eds. The evolution of plant physiology. From whole plants to ecosystems. London: Elsevier Academic Press. 197-215.
Poli D, Jacobs M, Cooke TJ. 2003. Auxin regulation of axial growth in bryophyte sporophytes: Its potential significance for the evolution of early land plants. American Journal of Botany 90: 1405-1415. (Pubitemid 37293169)
Prestianni C. 2005. Early diversification of seeds and seed-like structures. In: Steemans P, Javaux E eds. Pre-Cambrian to Palaeozoic Palaeopalynology and Palaeobotany. Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology, Brest, Memoir 2005/02, Abstract 06.
Prestianni C, Gerrienne P. 2010. Early seed plant radiation: An ecological hypothesis. In: Vecoli M, Clément G, Meyer- Berthaud B eds. The terrestrialization process: Modelling complex interactions at the biosphere-geosphere interface. London: The Geological Society of London Special Publications 339: 71-80.
Pringsheim N. 1876. Über den Generationswechsel der Thallophyten und seinen Anschluss an den Generationswechsel der Moose. Monatsberichte der königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876: 869-911.
Qiu Y-L. 2008. Phylogeny and evolution of charophytic algae and land plants. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 46: 287-306.
Qiu Y-L, Cho YR, Cox JC, Palmer JD. 1998. The gain of three mitochondrial introns identifies liverworts as the earliest land plants. Nature 394: 671-674. (Pubitemid 28389791)
Qiu Y-L, Li LB, Wang B, Chen ZD, Dombrovska O, Lee J, Kent L, Li RQ, Jobson RW, Hendry TA, Taylor DW, Testa CM,Ambros M. 2007.Anonflowering land plant phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of seven chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genes. International Journal of Plant Sciences 168: 691-708. (Pubitemid 46849388)
Qiu Y-L, Li L, Wang B, Chen ZD, Knoop V, Groth-Malonek M, Dombrovska O, Lee J, Kent L, Rest J, Estabrook GF, Hendry TA, Taylor DW, Testa CM, Ambros M, Crandall- Stotler B, Duff RJ, Stech M, Frey W, Quandt D, Davis CC. 2006. The deepest divergences in land plants inferred from phylogenomic evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103: 15511-15516. (Pubitemid 44625623)
Remy W, Hass H. 1991a. Kidstonophyton discoides nov. gen. nov. spec., ein Gametophyt aus dem Chert von Rhynie (Unterdevon, Schottland). Argumenta Palaeobotanica 8: 29-45.
Remy W, Hass H. 1991b. Langiophyton mackiei nov. gen., nov. spec., ein Gametophyt mitArchegoniophoren aus dem Chert von Rhynie (Unterdevon Schottland). Argumenta Palaeobotanica 8: 69-117.
Remy W, Hass H. 1991c. Gametophyten und Sporophyten im Unterdevon-Fakten und Spekulationen. Argumenta Palaeobotanica 8: 193-223.
Remy W, Hass H. 1996. New information on gametophytes and sporophytes of Aglaophyton major and inferences about possible environmental adaptations. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 90: 175-193.
Remy W, Remy R. 1980a. Devonian gametophytes with anatomically preserved gametangia. Science 208: 295-296.
Remy W, Remy R. 1980b. Lyonophyton rhyniensis n. gen. et nov. spec., ein Gametophyt aus dem Chert von Rhynie (Unterdevon, Schottland). Argumenta Palaeobotanica 6: 37-72.
Remy W, Gensel PG, Hass H. 1993. The gametophyte generation of some Early Devonian plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences 154: 35-58. (Pubitemid 23393838)
Remy W, Remy R, Haas H, Schultka S, Franzmeyer F. 1980. Sciadophyton Steinmann - ein Gametophyt aus dem Siegen.). Argumenta Palaeobotanica 6: 73-94.
Remy W, Schultka S, Hass H. 1991. Calyculiphyton blanai, nov. gen., nov. spec., ein Gametophyt aus dem Ems. Argumenta Palaeobotanica 8: 119-140.
Rothwell GW, Serbet R. 1992. Pollination biology of Elkinsia polymorpha, implications for the origin of gymnosperms. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 147: 225-231.
Rubinstein CV, Gerrienne P, de la Puente GS, Astini RA, Steemans P. 2010. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188: 365-369.
Scheckler SE, Snigirevskaya NS, Hill SA. 1997. Endosporic gametophytes of the heterosporous Late Devonian (Famennian) progymnosperm Archaeopteris archetypus (= A. obtusa). American Journal of Botany 84: 141.
Schultka S. 2003. Cooksonia - Zur Morphologie einer frühen Landpflanze aus dem Unterdevon der Eifel. Courier Forschunginstitut. Senckenberg 241: 7-17. (Pubitemid 36810809)
Schuster RM. 1966. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North Amercia, east of the hundredth meridian, vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press.
Schweitzer H-J. 1983. Der Generationwechsel der Psilophyten. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 96: 483-496.
Schweitzer H-J. 1987. Introduction to the plant bearing beds and the flora of the Lower Devonian of the Rhineland. Bönner Paläobotanische Mitteilugen 13: 1-94.
Scott DH. 1895. Nathanael Pringsheim. Nature 51: 399-402.
Steemans P, le Hérissé A,Melvin J,MillerMA, Paris F, Verniers J, Wellman C. 2009. Origin and radiation of the earliest vascular land plants. Science 324: 353.
Steemans P, Lepot K, Marshall CP, Le Hérissé A, Javaux EJ. 2010. FTIR characterisation of the chemical composition of Silurian miospores (cryptospores and trilete spores) from Gotland, Sweden [online]. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.07.006. Available from www.sciencedirect.com [accessed 25 September 2010].
Stockmans F. 1940. Végétaux éodévoniens de la Belgique. Mémoires duMusée Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 93: 1-90.
Strother PK. 2010. Thalloid carbonaceous incrustations and the asynchronous evolution of embryophyte characters during the Early Paleozoic. International Journal of Coal Geology 83: 154-161.
Strother PK, Al-Hajri S, Traverse A. 1996. New evidence for land plants from the lower Middle Ordovician of Saudi Arabia. Geology 24: 55-58.
Taylor TN, Kerp H, Haas H. 2005. Life history biology of early land plants: Deciphering the gametophyte phase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 5892-5897. (Pubitemid 40559655)
Taylor WA, Strother PK. 2009. Ultrastructure, morphology, and topology of Cambrian palynomorphs from the Lone Rock Formation, Wisconsin, USA. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 153: 296-309.
Trewin NH. 2004. History of research on the geology and palaeontology of the Rhynie area, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 285-297. (Pubitemid 40102624)
Turmel M, Otis C, Lemieux C. 2006. The chloroplast genome sequence of Chara vulgaris sheds new light into the closest green algal relatives of land plants. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 1324-1338. (Pubitemid 43781605)
VanAller Hernick L, Landing E, Bartowski KE. 2008. Earth's oldest liverworts - Metzgeriothallus sharonae sp. nov. from theMiddle Devonian (Givetian) of eastern New York, USA. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 148: 154-162. (Pubitemid 350309609)
Wellman CH. 2006. Spore assemblages from the LowerDevonian 'Lower Old Red Sandstone' deposits of the Rhynie outlier, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 97: 167-211. (Pubitemid 46344385)
Wellman CH, Osterloff PL, Mohiuddin U. 2003. Fragments of the earliest land plants. Nature 425: 282-285. (Pubitemid 37158401)
Zimmermann W. 1930. Die Phylogenie der Pflanzen; ein Überblick über Tatsachen und Probleme. Jena: G. Fischer.
