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Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading Schwann cells and not astrocytes in human traumatic spinal cord injury
Buss, A.; Pech, K.; Kakulas, B. A. et al.
2007In Brain: a Journal of Neurology, 130 (Part 4), p. 940-953
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Keywords :
spinal cord injury; human; regeneration; glial scar
Abstract :
[en] Despite considerable progress in recent years, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the failure of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) remain only partially understood. Experimental data have demonstrated that a major impediment to the outgrowth of severed axons is the scar tissue that finally dominates the lesion site and, in severe injuries, is comprised of connective tissue and fluid-filled cysts, surrounded by a dense astroglial scar. Reactive astrocytes and infiltrating cells, such as fibroblasts, produce a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that represents a physical and molecular barrier to axon regeneration. In the human situation, correlative data on the molecular composition of the scar tissue that forms following traumatic SCI is scarce. A detailed investigation on the expression of putative growth-inhibitory and growth-promoting molecules was therefore performed in samples of post-mortem human spinal cord, taken from patients who died following severe traumatic SCI. The lesion-induced scar could be subdivided into a Schwann cell dominated domain which contained large neuromas and a surrounding dense ECM, and a well delineated astroglial scar that isolated the Schwann cell/ECM rich territories from the intact spinal parenchyma. The axon growth-modulating molecules collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin were all present in the post-traumatic scar tissue. These molecules were almost exclusively found in the Schwann cell-rich domain which had an apparent growth-promoting effect on PNS axons. In the astrocytic domain, these molecules were restricted to blood vessel walls without a co-localization with the few regenerating CNS neurites located in this region. Taken together, these results favour the notion that it is the astroglial compartment that plays a dominant role in preventing CNS axon regeneration. The failure to demonstrate any collagen IV, laminin or fibronectin upregulation associated with the astroglial scar suggests that other molecules may play a more significant role in preventing axon regeneration following human SCI.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Neurology
Author, co-author :
Buss, A.
Pech, K.
Kakulas, B. A.
Martin, Didier  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Neurochirurgie
Schoenen, Jean  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Neuro-anatomie
Noth, J.
Brook, G. A.
Language :
English
Title :
Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading Schwann cells and not astrocytes in human traumatic spinal cord injury
Publication date :
April 2007
Journal title :
Brain: a Journal of Neurology
ISSN :
0006-8950
eISSN :
1460-2156
Publisher :
Oxford Univ Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
Volume :
130
Issue :
Part 4
Pages :
940-953
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 25 May 2010

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