Community Protocols and Biocultural Rights: Unravelling the Biocultural Nexus in ABS
Girard, Fabien; Frison, Christine; Hall, Ingrid
2022 • In Frison, Christine; Girard, Fabien; Hall, Ingrid (Eds.) Biocultural Rights, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Protecting Culture and the Environment
Agnoletti, M., Emanueli, F., Agnoletti, M., & Emanueli, F. (Eds.). (2016). Biocultural Diversity and Landscape in Europe: Framing the Issue. In Biocultural Diversity in Europe (pp. 1–18). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26315-1
Almeida, F. (2017). Legislative Pathways for Securing Community-Based Property Rights. Rights and Resources Initiative.
Almekinders, C. J. M., Stone, G. D., Baranski, M., Carney, J. A., Hanspach, J., Krishna, V. V., Ramirez-Villegas, J., Etten, J. van, & Zimmerer, K. S. (2019). Socioecological Interactions Amid Global Change. In K. S. Zimmerer & S. de Haan (Eds.), Agrobiodiversity Integrating Knowledge for a Sustainable Future (pp. 117–143). MIT Press. https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/socioecological-interactions-amid-global-change
Altieri, M. A., Anderson, M. K., & Merrick, L. C. (1987). Peasant Agriculture and the Conservation of Crop and Wild Plant Resources. Conservation Biology, 1(1), 49–58.
Anaya, S. J. (2004). Indigenous Peoples in International Law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Anderson, J. E. (2015). Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., pp. 769–778). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.64078-3
Anderson, J., & Hudson, M. (2020). The Biocultural Labels Initiative: Supporting Indigenous Rights in Data Derived from Genetic Resources. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, 4, e59230. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.4.59230
Anderson, J., & Younging, G. (2010). Discussion Paper on Protocols. Professional Development Meeting on Aboriginal Arts. https://works.bepress.com/jane_anderson/11/
ANDES, the Potato Park Communities, & IIED. (2012). Community Biocultural Protocols: Building Mechanisms for Access and Benefit Sharing Among the Communities of the Potato Park Based on Quechua Customary Norms. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). https://pubs.iied.org/G03168/
Appadurai, A. (Ed.). (2013). The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition. Verso Books.
Argumedo, A. (2008). The Potato Park, Peru: Conserving Agrobiodiversity in an Andean Indigenous Biocultural Heritage Area. In T. Amend, J. Brown, A. Kothari, A. Phillips, & S. Stolton (Eds.), Protected Landscapes and Agrobiodiversity Values (Vol. 1, pp. 45–58). Kaspareg Verlag, IUCN>Z.
Argumedo, A., & Hall, I. (n.d.). Sumaq Kawsay and Biocultural Conservation. The Experience of the Potato Park (Cusco, Peru). In C. Scott, E. Silva, & K. Sinclair (Eds.), Indigenous Stewardship of Environment and Alternative Development. Toronto University Press.
Argumedo, A., & Pimbert, M. (2008). Protecting Farmers’ Rights with Indigenous Biocultural Heritage Territories: The Experience of the Potato Park (p. 12). International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), Asociacion ANDES.
Argumedo, A., & Wong, B. (2011). The Ayllu System of the Potato Park, Cusco, Peru. https://www.cbd.int/traditional/doc/8jcu-01/2011-05-31-argumedo-en.pdf
Banerjee, S. B. (2003). Who Sustains Whose Development? Sustainable Development and the Reinvention of Nature. Organization Studies, 24(1), 143–180.
Bannister, K. (2009). Non-legal Instruments for Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Key Roles for Ethical Codes and Community Protocols. In C. Bell & V. Na-poleon (Eds.), Protection of First Nations’ Cultural Heritage: Laws, Policy and Reform (pp. 278–308). UBC Press.
Barelli, M. (2018). Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in the UNDRIP. In J. Hohmann & M. Weller (Eds.), The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: A Commentary (pp. 247–269). Oxford University Press.
Barton, J. H., & Christensen, E. (1988). Diversity Compensation Systems: Ways to C ompensate Developing Nations for Providing Genetic Materials. In J. R. Kloppenburg (Ed.), Seeds and sovereignty: The Use and Control of Plant Genetic Resources (pp. 338–355). Duke University Press.
Bavikatte, K., & Jonas, H. (2009). Community Protocols in the Negotiations of the International Regime on Access and Benefit Sharing. In K. Bavikatte & H. Jonas (Eds.), Biocultural Community Protocols. A Community Approach to Ensuring the Integrity of Environmental Law and Policy (pp. 37–41). UNEP, Natural Justice.
Bavikatte, K., Jonas, H., & von Braun, J. (2010). Traditional Knowledge and Economic Development: The Biocultural Dimension. In S. M. Subramanian & B. Pisupati (Eds.), Traditional Knowledge in Policy and Practice: Approaches to Development and Human Well-Being (pp. 294–326). United Nations University Press.
Bavikatte, K. S. (2014). Stewarding the Earth: Rethinking Property and the Emergence of Biocultural Rights. Oxford University Press.
Bavikatte, K. S., & Bennett, T. (2015). Community Stewardship: The Foundation of Biocultural Rights. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 6(1), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2015.01.01
Bavikatte, K. S., & Robinson, D. F. (2011). Towards a Peoples History of the Law: Biocultural Jurisprudence and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing. Law, Environment and Development Journal (LEAD Journal), 7(1), 35–51.
Berkes, F. (2012). Sacred ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management (3rd ed.). Routledge. http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203123843
Berkes, F., & Berkes, M. K. (2009). Ecological Complexity, Fuzzy Logic, and Holism in Indigenous Knowledge. Futures, 41(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2008.07.003
Bessa, A. (2015). Traditional Local Communities: What Lessons Can Be Learnt at the International Level from the Experiences of Brazil and Scotland?: Traditional Local Communities. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, 24(3), 330–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12140
Blake, J. E. (2015). International Cultural Heritage Law. Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/adtca/detail.action?docID=4842246
Blaser, M. (2009a). The Threat of the Yrmo: The Political Ontology of a Sustainable Hunting Program. American Anthropologist, 111(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2009.01073.x
Blaser, M. (2009b). Political Ontology: Cultural Studies without ‘Cultures’? Cultural Studies, 23(5–6), 873–896.
Blaser, M. (2010). Storytelling Globalization from the Chaco and Beyond. Duke University Press. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10412030
Blaser, M. (2013). Ontological Conflicts and the Stories of Peoples in Spite of Europe: Toward a Conversation on Political Ontology. Current Anthropology, 54(5), 547–568. https://doi.org/10.1086/672270
Boer, B. (2020). Part II Substantive Aspects, Ch.14 The Environment and Cultural Heritage. In F. Francioni & A. F. Vrdoljak (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law (pp. 318–388). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198859871.003.0014
Boisvert, V., & Vivien, F.-D. (2012). Towards a Political Economy Approach to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36(5), 1163–1179. JSTOR.
Bonneuil, C. (2019). Seeing Nature as a ‘Universal Store of Genes’: How Biological Diversity Became ‘Genetic Resources’, 1890–1940. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 75, 1–14.
Bowrey, K. (2006). Alternative Intellectual Property?: Indigenous Protocols, Copyleft and New Juridifications of Customary Practices. Maquarie Law Journal, 6, 65.
Bridgewater, P., & Rotherham, I. D. (2019). A Critical Perspective on the Concept of Biocultural Diversity and Its Emerging Role in Nature and Heritage Conservation. People and Nature, 1(3), 291–304.
Brondizio, E. S., & Tourneau, F.-M. L. (2016). Environmental Governance for All. Science, 352(6291), 1272–1273. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5122
Brosius, J. P. (1999). Green Dots, Pink Hearts: Displacing Politics from the Malaysian Rain Forest. American Anthropologist, 101(1), 36–57.
Brosius, J. P., & Hitchner, S. L. (2010). Cultural Diversity and Conservation. International Social ScienceJournal, 61(199), 141–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2010. 01753.x
Brundtland, G. H. & World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: ‘Our Common Future’. United Nations.
Brush, S. B. (1993). Indigenous Knowledge of Biological Resources and Intellectual Property Rights: The Role of Anthropology. American Anthropologist, 95(3), 653–671.
Brush, S. B. (2001). Protectors, Prospectors, and Pirates of Biological Resources. In L. Maffi (Ed.), On Biocultural Diversity. Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment (pp. 517–530). Smithsonian Institution Press.
Buergin, R. (2013). Contested Rights of Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples in the Context of the Biocultural Turn in Environment and Development Discourses (SEFUT Working Paper No. 16). Working Group Socio-Economics of Forest Use in the Tropics and Subtropics, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
Cámara-Leret, R., & Bascompte, J. (2021). Language Extinction Triggers the Loss of Unique Medicinal Knowledge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(24). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103683118
Castro, E. V. de. (1992). From the Enemy’s Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society (C. V. Howard, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
Charters, C. (2018). Indigenous Peoples’ Rights to Lands, Territories, and Resources in the UNDRIP. In J. Hohmann & M. Weller (Eds.), The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: A Commentary (pp. 395–424). Oxford University Press.
Colchester, M. (2003). Salvaging Nature: Indigenous Peoples, Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation. World Rainforest Movement; Forest Peoples Programme.
Coombe, R. J. (1998). The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship, Appropriation, and the law. Duke University Press.
Coombe, R. J. (2011). Cultural Agencies: ‘Constructing’ Community Subjects and their Rights. In M. Biagioli, P. Jaszi, & M. Woodmansee (Eds.), Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property (pp. 79–98). University of Chicago Press.
Coomes, O. T., McGuire, S. J., Garine, E., Caillon, S., McKey, D., Demeulenaere, E., Jarvis, D., Aistara, G., Barnaud, A., Clouvel, P., Emperaire, L., Louafi, S., M artin, P., Massol, F., Pautasso, M., Violon, C., & Wencélius, J. (2015). Farmer Seed Networks Make a Limited Contribution to Agriculture? Four Common Misconceptions. Food Policy, 56, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.008
Correa, C. (2016). Sui Generis Protection for Farmers’ Varieties. In M. Halewood (Ed.), Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Farmers’ Rights: Challenges in Taxonomy and Law (pp. 115–183). Routledge.
De Obaldia, I. (2005). Western Intellectual Property and the Indigenous Cultures: The Case of the Panamanian Indigenous Intellectual Property Law. Boston University International Law Journal, 23(2), 337–394.
De Schutter, O. (2010). The Emerging Human Right to Land. International Community Law Review, 12(3), 303–334. https://doi.org/10.1163/187197310X513725
De Schutter, O., & Rajagopal, B. (2019). Conclusion. The Revival of the “commons” and the Redefinition of Property Rights. In O. De Schutter & B. Rajagopal (Eds.), Property Rights from Below. Commodification of Land and the Counter-Movement (pp. 203–231). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315621463-1
Descola, P. (1986). In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia (N. Scott, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
Descola, P., & Sahlins, M. D. (2014). Beyond Nature and Culture (J. Lloyd, Trans.; Paperback edition). The University of Chicago Press.
Doolittle, A. A. (2007). Fortress Conservation. In P. Robbins (Ed.), Encyclopedia of E nvironment and Society (pp. 704–705). Sage.
Edelman, M., Weis, T., Baviskar, A., Jr., S. M. B., Holt-Giménez, E., Kandiyoti, D., & Wolford, W. (2014). Introduction: Critical Perspectives on Food Sovereignty. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 41(6), 911–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.963568.
Egzibher, G. (1996). A Case of Community Rights. In S. Tilahun & S. Edwards (Eds.), The Movement for Collective Intellectual Rights. The Institute for Sustainable Foundation/The Gaia Foundation.
Eisner, T. (1989). Prospecting for Nature’s Chemical Riches. Issues in Science and Technol-ogy, 6(2), 31–34.
Ellison, N., Martínez Mauri, M., & International Congress of Americanists. (2009). Paisaje, espacio y territorio: Reelaboraciones simbólicas y reconstrucciones identitarias en América Latina. Ed. Abya-Yala.
Errico, S. (2018). Control over Natural Resources and Protection of the Environment of Indigenous Territories. In J. Hohmann & M. Weller (Eds.), The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: A Commentary (pp. 425–457). Oxford University Press.
Errico, S., & Claeys, P. (2020). Human Rights and the Commons: Exploring Approaches to the Governance of Land and Natural Resources beyond Indigenous Peoples’ Rights. The Case of Peasants. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 27(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02604123
Escobar, A. (1995). Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton University Press.
Escobar, A. (1997). Cultural Politics and Biological Diversity: State, Capital and Social Movements in the Pacific Coast of Colombia. In R. Fox & O. Starn (Eds.), Between Resistance and Revolution (pp. 40–64). Rutgers University Press.
Escobar, A. (1998). Whose Knowledge, Whose Nature? Biodiversity, Conservation, and the Political Ecology of Social Movements. Journal of Political Ecology, 5(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.2458/v5i1.21397
FAO. (2016). Governing Tenure Rights to Commons. A Guide to Support the Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security. FAO.
FAO, Girardin, A., Bradley, A., & Pullar, N. (2017). FAO Land Tenure Manuals 4. Community Recording of Tenure Relationships Using Open Tenure. FAO.
Fisher, D. (1988). Boundary Work: A Model of the Relation between Power and Knowl-edge. Knowledge, 10(2), 156–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025988010002004
Freeman, M. R. (1989). Graphs and Gaffs: A Cautionary Tale in the Common- Property Resources Debate. In F. Berkes (Ed.), Common Property Resources: Ecology and Community-Based Sustainable Development (pp. 92–109). Belhaven Press.
Garnett, S. T., Burgess, N. D., Fa, J. E., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Molnár, Z., Robinson, C. J., Watson, J. E. M., Zander, K. K., Austin, B., Brondizio, E. S., Collier, N. F., Duncan, T., Ellis, E., Geyle, H., Jackson, M. V., Jonas, H., Malmer, P., McGowan, B., Sivongxay, A., & Leiper, I. (2018). A Spatial Overview of the Global Importance of Indigenous Lands for Conservation. Nature Sustainability, 1(7), 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6
Gibson, J. (2011). Community Rights to Culture: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In S. Allen & A. Xanthaki (Eds.), Reflections on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (pp. 433–453) Hart.
Gilbert, J. (2016). Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights Under International Law: From Victims to Actors. Brill Nijhoff.
Gilbert, J. (2018). Natural Resources and Human Rights: An Appraisal. Oxford University Press.
Glowka, L., Burhenne-Guilmin, F., Synge, H., & IUCN--The World Conservation Union. (1996). A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity. IUNC.
Graddy, T. G. (2013). Regarding Biocultural Heritage: In Situ Political Ecology of Agricultural Biodiversity in the Peruvian Andes. Agriculture and Human Values, 30(4), 587–604.
Gray, S. (2004). Imagination, Fraud and the Cultural Protocols Debate: A Question of Free Speech or Pornography? Media and Arts Law Review, 9(3), 23–37.
Greaves, T. (1996). Tribal Rights. In S. B. Brush & B. Stabinsky (Eds.), Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights (pp. 25–40). Island Press.
Gudeman, S. F. (2001). The Anthropology of the Economy: Community, Market, and Culture. Blackwell.
Halewood, M. (1999). Indigenous and Local Knowledge in International Law: A Preface to Sui Generis Intellectual Property Protection. McGill Law Journal, 44(2), 953–996.
Halewood, M., Cherfas, J. J., Engels, J. M. M., Hazekamp, Th., Hodgkin, T., & Robinson, J. (2006). Farmers, Landraces and Property Rights: Challenges to A llocating Sui Generis Intellectual Property Rights to Communities over their Varieties. In S. Biber-Klemm & T. Cottier (Eds.), Rights to Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge Basic Issues and Perspectives (pp. 173–202). CABI.
Hall, G. H., & Patrinos, H. A. (Eds.). (2012). Indigenous Peoples, Poverty, and Development. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139105729
Hamilton, C. (2008). Intellectual Property Rights, the Bioeconomy and the Challenge of Biopiracy. Genomics, Society, and Policy, 4(3), 26–45. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1746-5354-4-3-26
Harrop, S. R. (2009). Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: An E xamination of Their Context in Existing Multilateral Instruments Dealing with Conservation and Land Tenure. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 12(3), 127–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880290903202286
Harvey, D., & Haraway, D. (2016). Nature, Politics, and Possibilities: A Debate and Discussion with David Harvey and Donna Haraway. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13, 507–527
Haugen, H. M. (2020). The UN Declaration on Peasants’ Rights (UNDROP): Is A rticle 19 on Seed Rights Adequately Balancing Intellectual Property Rights and the Right to Food? The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 23(3–4), 288–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12152
Hayden, C. (2007). Taking as Giving: Bioscience, Exchange, and the Politics of Benefit-sharing.Social Studies of Science, 37(5), 729–758.
Heinze, B., & German MAB National Committee(Eds.). (2005). Full of Life: UNESCO Biosphere Reserves - Model Regions for Sustainable Development (1st ed). Springer.
Heywood, V. H., Watson, R. T., & United Nations Environment Programme. (1995). Global biodiversity assessment. Cambridge University Press.
Huarcaya, S. M. (2018). Land Reform, Historical Consciousness and Indigenous Activism in Late Twentieth-Century Ecuador. Journal of Latin American Studies, 50(2), 411–440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X17001146
iisd Reporting Services. (2009). Summary of the Eighth Meeting of the Working Group on Access and Benefit-Sharing of the Convention on Biological Diversity: 9–15 November 2009. ABS 8 Final. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, 9(489).
ILO. (2021). Understanding the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169). A Tool for Judges and Legal Practitioners. International Labour Organization.
IPBES. (2019). Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Summary for Policy Makers). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3553579
IPCC (Ed.). (2015). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A. Cambridge University Press.
IUCN, & The World Conservation Union. (2005). Benefits Beyond Boundaries Proceedings of the Vth IUCN World Parks Congress, Durban, South Africa, 8–17 September 2003. IUCN.
IUCN, United Nations Environment Programme, World Wildlife Fund, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, & UNESCO. (1980). World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. IUCN. http://books.google.com/books?id=_V2HY5N_IHQC
IUCN, & World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA). (2019). Recognising and Reporting Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/48773
IUCN, & World Conservation Congress. (2005). Resolutions and Recommendations: World Conservation Congress, Bangkok, Thailand, 17–25 November 2004.
IUCN.Janke, T. (2005). Managing Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property (M. Nakata & M. Langton, Eds.; pp. 83–93). UTSePress.
Jonas, H. D., Barbuto, V., Jonas, Kothari, A., & Nelson, F. (2014). New Steps of Change: Looking Beyond Protected Areas to Consider Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures.Parks, 20(2), 111–128.
Kania, M. (2016). The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Peru: From Socio-Political Marginalization to the Modern Principles of Multiculturalism. Ad Americam, 17, 11–32. https://doi.org/10.12797/AdAmericam.17.2016.17.02
Kari, S., & Rössler, M. (2017). A World Heritage Perspective on Culture and Nature—Beyond a Shared Platform. The George Wright Forum, 34(2), 134–141.
Knox, J. H. (2017). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment (A/HRC/34/49). Human Rights Council, United Nations, General Assembly.
Knox, J. H. (2018). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment (A/HRC/37/59). Human Rights Council, United Nations, General Assembly.
Kohn, E. (2015). Anthropology of Ontologies. Annual Review of Anthropology, 44(1), 311–327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014127
Kothari, A., Corrigan, C., Jonas, H., Neumann, A., Shrumm, H., & Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. (2012). Recognising and Supporting Territories and Areas Conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities: Global Overview and National Case Studies. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, ICCA Consortium, Kalpavriksh, and Natural Justice. http://www.deslibris.ca/ID/242837
Laird, S. A. (Ed.). (2002). Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. Earthscan Publications.
Larsen, P. B., & Wijesuriya, G. (2017). Nature–Culture Interlinkages in World Heritage: Bridging the Gap. The George Wright Forum, 34(2), 142–153.
Latour, B. (2004). Whose Cosmos? Which Cosmopolitics? Comments on the Peace Terms of Ulrich Beck. Common Knowledge, 10(3), 450–462.
Le Teno, S., Cogolati, S., & Frison, C. (Forthcoming). The Right to Seeds: Using the Commons as a Sustainable Governance Scheme to Implement Peasants’ Rights? In M. Alabrese, A. Bessa, M. Brunori, & P. F. Giuggioli (Eds.), The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas in Perspective. New International Standards on Natural Resources and Food Systems. Routledge.
Lenzerini, F. (2006). Sovereignty Revisited: International Law and Parallel Sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples. Texas International Law Journal, 42(1), 155–189.
Liggins, L., Hudson, M., & Anderson, J. (2021). Creating Space for Indigenous Perspectives on Access and Benefit-sharing: Encouraging Researcher Use of the Local Contexts Notices. MEC Molecular Ecology, 30(11), 2477–2482.
Liljeblad, J., & Verschuuren, B. (Eds.). (2019). Indigenous Perspectives on Sacred Natural Sites: Culture, Governance and Conservation. Routledge.
Lixinski, L. (2013). Intangible Cultural Heritage in International Law. Oxford University Press.
Löfmarck, E., & Lidskog, R. (2017). Bumping against the Boundary: IPBES and the Knowledge Divide. Environmental Science & Policy, 69, 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.12.008
MacCormack, C. P., & Strathern, M. (Eds.). (1978). Nature, Culture, and Gender. Cambridge University Press.
Macpherson, E., Torres Ventura, J., & Clavijo Ospina, F. (2020). Constitutional Law, Ecosystems, and Indigenous Peoples in Colombia: Biocultural Rights and Legal Subjects.Transnational Environmental Law, 9(3), 1–20.
Maffi, L. (1999). Linguistic Diversity. In D. A. Posey, Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics and Society, & Mansfield College, University of Oxford, UK (Eds.), Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (pp. 19–57). Intermediate Technology Publications, United Nations Environment Programme.
Maffi, L. (Ed.). (2001a). On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press.
Maffi, L. (2001b). On the Interdependence of Biological and Cultural Diversity. In L. Maffi (Ed.), On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge and the Environment (pp. 1–50). Smithsonian Institution Press.
Maffi, L., & Woodley, E. (2010). Biocultural Diversity Conservation: A Global Sourcebook. Earthscan.
Makagon, J., von Braun, J., Cocchiaro, G., & James, S. (2016). Balancing the Scales. Community Protocols and Extractive Industries. Natural Justice. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Balancing_the_Scales.pdf
Martinez Luna, J. (2010). The Fourth Principle. In L. Meyer & B. Maldonada Alvarado (Eds.), New World of lndigenous Resistance. Noam Chomsky and Voices from North, South, and Central America (pp. 85–100). City Lights.
McAfee, K. (1999). Selling Nature to Save It? Biodiversity and Green Developmentalism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 17(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1068/d170133
McGraw, D. M. (2017). The Story of Biodiversity Convention: From Negotiation to Implementation. In P. G. Le Prestre (Ed.), Governing Global Biodiversity: The E volution and Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (pp. 7–38). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315253930
McGuire, S., & Sperling, L. (2016). Seed Systems Smallholder Farmers Use. Food Security, 8(1), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0528-8
McIntyre-Tamwoy, S. (2018). Travelling on the Culture-Nature Journey to New Delhi, India. Historic Environment, 30(3), 142–153.
Mgbeoji, I. (2003). Beyond Rhetoric: State Sovereignty, Common Concern, and the Inapplicability of the Common Heritage Concept to Plant Genetic Resources. Leiden Journal of International Law, 16(4), 821–837. https://doi.org/10.1017/S092215650300147X
Mgbeoji, I. (2006). Global Biopiracy Patents, Plants, and Indigenous Knowledge. Cornell University Press.
Mollinga, P. (2010). Boundary Work and the Complexity of Natural Resources Manage-ment. Crop Science, 50(1), S1–S9.
Moran, K. (1993). The Healing Forest Conservancy. Environmental Conservation, 20(2), 175–175. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900037784
Morgera, E. (2018). Dawn of a New Day? The Evolving Relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity and International Human Rights Law. Wake Forest Law Review, 53(4), 691–712.
Morgera, E., Tsioumani, E., & Buck, M. (2014). Unraveling the Nagoya Protocol: A Commentary on the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Brill; Nijhoff.
Mulrennan, M. E., & Bussières, V. (2020). Indigenous Environmental Stewardship: Do Mechanisms of Biodiversity Conservation Align with or Undermine It? In N. J. Turner (Ed.), Plants, People, and Places: The Roles of Ethnobotany and Ethnoecology in Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights in Canada and Beyond (pp. 282–312). McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Mwangi, C. K. (2019). Protecting Traditional Knowledge in Kenya through African Customary Law: An Analysis of Inclusive Subordination. PhD Dissertation Strathmore University.
Nakashima, D., Krupnik, I., & Rubis, J. T. (Eds.). (2018). Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation. Cambridge University Press.
Nelson, M. P. (2009). Holism. In J. B. Callicott & R. Frodeman (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy (Vol. 1, pp. 490–493). Macmillan Reference USA.
Nemogá, G. (2019). Indigenous Agrobiodiversity and Governance. In K. S. Zimmerer & S. de Haan (Eds.), Agrobiodiversity: Integrating Knowledge for a Sustainable Future (pp. 241–263). The MIT Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulaval/detail.action?docID=5748564
Nemogá, G., Domicó, J., & Molina, A. (2018). Designing Biocultural Protocols with the Embera People of Colombia. Terralingua, 7(1), 20–24.
Nemogá-Soto, G. R. (2013). Registro de Conocimientos Colectivos Asociados a la Biodiversidad en Perú (p. 18). GEF, PNUMA, and UICN.
Nicholas, G. P., & Bannister, K. P. (2004). Copyrighting the Past? Emerging Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Archaeology. Current Anthropology (Chicago), 45(3), 327–350.
Nietschmann, B. (1992). The Interdependence of Biological and Cultural Diversity. Center for World Indigenous Studies.
Nwauche, E. (2017). The Positive Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions by Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. In E. Nwauche (Ed.), The Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions in Africa (pp. 97–150). Springer International Publishing.
Nzomo, V. (2015, December 16). Comments on the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions Bill, 2015. IP Kenya. https://ipkenya.wordpress.com/2015/12/16/comments-on-the-protection-of-traditional-knowledge-and- traditional-cultural-expressions-bill-2015/
Oldfield, M. L., & Alcorn, J. B. (1987). Conservation of Traditional Agroecosystems. BioScience, 37(3), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/1310519
Oxfam, International Land Coalition, & Rights and Resources Initiative. (2016). Common Ground. Securing Land Rights and Safeguarding the Earth. Oxfam.
Peet, R., & Watts, M. (1996). Liberation Ecology. Development, Sustainability, and Environment in an Age of Market Triumphalism. In R. Peets & M. Watts (Eds.), Liberation Ecologies. Environment, Development and Social Movements (pp. 1–45). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203235096
Pencek, W. (2017). Reflections on the Nature–Culture Journey. The George Wright Forum, 34(2), 211–215.
Pimbert, M. P. (2018). Food Sovereignty, Agroecology and Biocultural Diversity: Constructing and Contesting Knowledge. Routledge.
Polo, C. S., & Danielson, M. S. (2013). Political Subsystems in Oaxaca’s Usos y Costumbres municipalities. In T. A. Eisenstadt, M. S. Danielson, M. J. Bailon C orres, & C. Sorroza Polo (Eds.), Latin America’s Multicultural Movements (pp. 169–191). Oxford University Press.
Posey, D. (Ed.). (1999). Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity. Intermediate T echnology Publications, United Nations Environment Programme.
Posey, D. A. (1995). Indigenous Peoples and Traditional Resource Rights: A Basis for E quitable Relationships? Green College Centre for Environmental Policy and Understanding, University of Oxford. https://www.ecolex.org/fr/details/literature/indigenous-peoples-and-traditional-resource-rights-a-basis-for-equitable-relationships-mon-057188/
Posey, D. A. (1998). Diachronic Ecotones and Anthropogenic Landscapes in Amazonia. Contesting the Consciousness of Conservation. In W. L. Balée(Ed.), Advances in Historical Ecology (pp. 104–118). Columbia University Press.
Posey, D. A. (1999). Introduction: Culture and Nature – The Inextricable Link. In D. A. Posey (Ed.), Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (pp. 1–19). UNEP.
Posey, D. A. (2001). Biological and Cultural Diversity. The Inextricable, Linked by Language and Politics. In L. Maffi (Ed.), On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment (pp. 379–396). Smithsonian Institution Press.
Posey, D. A. (2004). Traditional Resources Rights – De facto Self-determination for Indigenous Peoples. In D. A. Posey & K. Plenderleith (Eds.), Indigenous Knowledge and Ethics: A Darrell Posey Reader (pp. 155–168). Routledge.
Posey, D. A., & Dutfield, G. (1996). Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. International Development Research Centre.
Posey, D. A., & Plenderleith, K. (2004). Indigenous Knowledge and Ethics: A Darrell Posey Reader. Routledge.
Pritchard, J., Lesniewska, F., Lomax, T., Ozinga, S., & Morel, C. (2013). Securing Community Land and Resource Rights in Africa: A Guide to Legal Reform and Best Practices. FERN, FPP, ClientEarth and CED.
Puig de la Bellacasa, M. (2017). Matters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More than Human Worlds. University of Minnesota Press.
Ramos, A. R. (1994). The Hyperreal Indian. Critique of Anthropology, 14(2), 153–171.
Raven, M. (2006). Protocols & ABS. Recognising Indigenous Rights to Knowledge in Australian Bureaucratic Organisations. Indigenous Law Bulletin, 6(20), 13–16.
Raven, M. (2010). Protocols: Devices for Translating Moralities, Controlling Knowledge, Defining Actors in Indigenous Research, and Critical Ethical Reflections. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2, 33–47.
Raymond, H. (2007). The Ecologically Noble Savage Debate. Annual Review of Anthropology, 36(1), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705. 123321
Reed, M. G., & Price, M. F. (2020). UNESCO Biosphere Reserves: Supporting Bio-cultural Diversity, Sustainability and Society. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429428746
Reimerson, E. (2013). Between Nature and Culture: Exploring Space for Indigenous Agency in the Convention on Biological Diversity. Environmental Politics, 22(6), 992–1009.
Reyes-García, V., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Y., Benyei, P., Bussmann, R. W., Diamond, S. K., García-del-Amo, D., Guadilla-Sáez, S., Hanazaki, N., Kosoy, N., Lavides, M., Luz, A. C., McElwee, P., Meretsky, V. J., Newberry, T., Molnár, Z., Ruiz-Mallén, I., Salpeteur, M., Wyndham, F. S., … Brondizio, E. S. (2021). Recognizing Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Rights and Agency in the Post-2020 Biodiversity Agenda. Ambio. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01561-7
Rimmer, M. (2015). Introduction: Mapping Indigenous intellectual property. In M. Rimmer (Ed.), Indigenous Intellectual Property. A Handbook of Contemporary Research (pp. 1–44). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781955901.
Riphagen, M., & Stolte, G. M. (2016). The Functioning of Indigenous Cultural P rotocols in Australia’s Contemporary Art World. International Journal of Cultural Property, 23(3), 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0940739116000163
Robinson, D. F. (2011). Confronting Biopiracy: Challenges, Cases and International Debates. Earthscan.
Robinson, D. F. (2014). Biodiversity, Access and Benefit-Sharing: Global Case Studies (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315882819
Romero, T. L. (2005). Sui Generis Systems for the Protection of Traditional Knowledge. International Law: Revista Colombiana de Derecho Internacional, 3(6), Article 6. https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/internationallaw/article/view/14043
Rosendal, G. K. (1991). International Conservation of Biological Diversity: The Quest for Effective International Solutions (R:012–1991). The Fridtjof Nansen Institute.
Sajeva, G. (2015). Rights with Limits: Biocultural rights – Between Self-Determination and Conservation of the Environment. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 6(1), 30–54. https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2015.01.02
Sajeva, G. (2018). When Rights Embrace Responsibilities: Biocultural Rights and the Conservation of Environment (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
Sajeva, G. (2021). Environmentally Conditioned Human Rights. A Good Idea? In D. P. Corrigan & M. Oksanen (Eds.), Rights of Nature. A Re-examination (pp. 87–100). Routledge.
Santilli, J. (2016). Agrobiodiversity and the Law: Regulating Genetic Resources, Food Security and Cultural Diversity. Routledge.
Sarrazin, M.-L., & Scott, C. (2020). Livelihoods, Food Sovereignty, and Well-Being. Policy Brief 2: Nurturing Biocultural Diversity. https://cicada.world/files/pb/CICADA_PolicyBrief2_Livelihoods.pdf
Saul, B. (2016). Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights: International and Regional Jurisprudence. Hart Publishing.
Savaresi, A. (2018). Traditional Knowledge and Climate Change: A New Legal Frontier? Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 9(1), 32–50.
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. (2020). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. UNEP, CDB. https://edepot.wur.nl/531233
Sedjo, R. A. (1992). Property Rights, Genetic Resources, and Biotechnological Change. The Journal of Law & Economics, 35(1), 199–213.
Shaheed, F. (2011). Report of the Independent Expert in the Field of Cultural Rights (A/HRC/17/38). Human Rights Council, United Nations, General Assembly.
Shaheed, F. (2012). Report of the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights, Farida Shaheed. The Right to Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress and its Applications (A/HRC/20/26). Human Rights Council, United Nations, General Assembly.
Shaheed, F. (2015). Report of the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights, Farida Shaheed. Report on Patent Policy and the Right to Science and Culture (A/70/279). Human Rights Council, United Nations, General Assembly.
Shrumm, H., & Jonas, H. (2012). Biocultural Community Protocols: A Toolkit for Community Facilitators. Natural Justice. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Biocultural-Community-Protocols-Toolkit.pdf
Smith, L. T. (2012). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Zed Books.
Srinivasan, C. S. (2016). Institutional Capacity and Implementation Issues in Farmers’ Rights. In M. Halewood (Ed.), Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Farmers’ Rights: Challenges in Taxonomy and Law. Issues in Agricultural Biodiversity (pp. 249–282). Routledge.
Stengers, I. (2005). The Cosmopolitical Proposal. In B. Latour & P. Weibel (Eds.), Making Things Public (pp. 994–1003). MIT Press.http://mnissen.psy.ku.dk/Undervisning/Stengers05.pdf.
Stevens, S. (2014). Indigenous Peoples, National Parks, and Protected Areas: A New P aradigm Linking Conservation, Culture, and Rights. University of Arizona Press. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10896830
Stoll, T. (2018). Intellectual Property and Technologies. In J. Hohmann & M. Weller (Eds.), The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: A Commentary (pp. 299–327). Oxford University Press.
Strathern, M. (1996). Potential Property: Intellectual Rights and Property in Persons. So-cial Anthropology: The Journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists, 4, 17–32.
Suagee, D. (1999). Human Rights and the Cultural Heritage of Indian Tribes in the United States. International Journal of Cultural Property, 8(1), 48–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S094073919977061X
Swiderska, K., Mead, A., Dutfield, G., & Argumedo, A. (2016). Designing a Labelling System for Biocultural Heritage-Based Product. In C. Pavel & D. Leaman (Eds.), Policy Matters: Certification and Biodiversity: How Voluntary Certification Standards Impact Biodiversity and Human Livelihoods: Vol. Issue 21 (pp. 140–148). CEESP and IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.PolicyMatters-21.en
Tauli-Corpuz, V. (2016). Report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Victoria Tauli-Corpuz. Conservation Measures and their Impact on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights (A/71/229). Human Rights Council, United Nations, General Assembly.
Tocancipá Falla, J., & Ramírez Castrillón, C. A. (2018). Las nuevas dinámicas rurales en las Zonas de Reserva Campesina en Colombia. Perspectiva Geográfica, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.19053/01233769.5796
Toledo, V. M. (1990). The Ecological Rationality of Peasant Production. In M. A. Altieri & S. B. Hecht (Eds.), Agroecology and Small Farm Development (pp. 53–60). CRC Press.
Toledo, V. M. (2001). Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity. In S. A. Levin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (pp. 451–463). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00299-9
Tsing, A. (2013). More-than-Human Sociality: A Call for Critical Description. In K. Hastrup (Ed.), Anthropology and Nature (pp. 27–42). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203795361-8
Tsosie, R. (2007). Cultural Challenges to Biotechnology: Native American Genetic Resources and the Concept of Cultural Harm. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 35(3), 396–411.
Tyrrell, T. D., & Alcorn, J. B. (2011). Analysis of Possible Indicators to Measure Impacts of REDD+ on Biodiversity and on Indigenous and Local Communities: A Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Tentera.
Uddin, N., Gerahz, E., & Chakkarath, P. (2018). Exploring Indigeneity. I ntroductory Remarks on a Contested Concept. In E. Gerahz, N. Uddin, & P. Chakkarath (Eds.), Indigeneity on the Move: Varying Manifestations of a Contested Concept (pp. 1–25). BERGHAHN Books.
Ulloa, A. (2005). The Ecological Native: Indigenous Peoples’ Movements and Eco-governmentality in Colombia. Routledge.
UNCED (Ed.). (1992). Agenda 21, Rio Declaration, Forest Principles. United Nations.
UNESCO & WIPO. (1985). Model Provisions for National Laws on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and other Prejudicial Actions. UNESCO, OMPI/WIPO.
UNESCO, World Wildlife Fund for Nature, & Terralingua. (2003). Sharing a World of Difference: The Earth’s Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Diversity. UNESCO, WWF, Terralingua.
Viveiros De Castro. (2004). Perspectival Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Equivocation. Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropologu of Lowland America, 2(1), 3–22.
Westra, L. (2013). Environmental Justice and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: International and Domestic Legal Perspectives. Earthscan.
Wily, L. A. (2011). ‘The Law is to Blame’: The Vulnerable Status of Common Property Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. Development and Change, 42(3), 733–757. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01712.x
WIPO. (2001). Declaration of Shamans on Intellectual Property and Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Genetic Resources. Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, Second Session. Geneva, December 10 to 14, 2001 (WIPO/GRTKF/IC/2/14). WIPO.
Wood, D. (1988). Crop Germplasm: Common Heritage or Farmers’ Heritage. In J. R. Kloppenburg (Ed.), Seeds and Sovereignty. The Use and Control of Plant Genetic Resources (pp. 274–289). Duke University Press.
World Bank, T. (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa. From Crisis to Sustainable Growth. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.
World Summit on Sustainable Development & United Nations (Eds.). (2002). Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development: Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002. United Nations.
Xanthaki, A. (2014). Indigenous Rights and United Nations Standards: Self-determination, Culture and Land. Cambridge University Press.
Younging, G. (2010). Gnaritas Nullius (No Ones’ Knowledge): The Public Domain and Colonization of Traditional Knowledge. WIPO Indigenous Panel on the Role of the Public Domain Concept: Experiences in the Fields of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences from Canada (WIPO/GRTKF/IC/17/ INF/5(A)). WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC).