Arakawa, T., and Timasheff, S.N. (1985) The stabilization of proteins by osmolytes. Biophys. J., 47:411-414.
Bagnasco, S., Balaban, R., Fales, H.M., Yang, Y.M., and Burg, M. (1986) Predominant osmotically active organic solutes in rat and rabbit renal medullas. J. Biol. Chem., 261:5872-5877.
Bagnasco, S.M., Uchida, S., Balaban, R.S., Kador, P.F., and Burg, M.B. (1987) Induction of aldose reductase and sorbitol in renal inner medullary cells by elevated extracellular NaCl. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84.1718-1720.
Bagnasco, S.M., Murphy, H.R., Bedford, J.J., and Burg, M.B. (1988) Osmoregulation by slow changes in aldose reductase and rapid changes in sorbitol flux. Am. J. Physiol., 254:C788-C792.
Bedford, J.J., Bagnasco, S.M., Kador, P.F., Harris, W.H., and Burg, M.B. (1987) Characterization and purification of a mammalian osmoregulatory protein, aldose reductase, induced in renal medullary cells by high extracellular NaCl. J. Biol. Chem., 262:14255-14259.
Bradford, M.M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of dye-binding. Anal. Biochem., 72:248-254.
Brown, A.D., and Simpson, J.R. (1972) Water relations of sugar tolerant yeasts: The role of intracellular polyols. J. Gen. Microbiol., 72:589-591.
Buche, A., Colson, P., and Moussier, C. (1990) Organic osmotic effectors and chromatin structure. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 8:601-618.
Burg, M.B., and Garcia-Perez, A. (1992) How toxicity regulates gene expression. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 3:121-127.
Bylander, J.E., and Sens, D.A. (1990) Elicitation of sorbitol accumulation in cultured human proximal tubule cells by elevated glucose concentrations. Diabetes, 39:949-954.
Clark, M.E., and Zounes, M. (1977) The effects of selected cell osmolytes on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase from the euryhaline polychaete, Nereis succinea. Biol. Bull., 153:468-484.
Clegg, J.S., Gallo, J., and Gordon, E. (1986) Some structural, biochemical and biophysical characteristics of L-929 cells growing in the presence of hyperosmotic sorbitol concentrations. Exp. Cell. Res., 163:35-46.
Cohen, D.M., and Gullans, S.R. (1993) Urea induces Egr-1 and C-fos expression in renal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol., 264:F593-F600.
Cohen, D.M., Wasserman, J.C., and Gullans, S.R. (1991) Immediate early gene and HSP70 expression in hyperosmotic stress in MDCK cells. Am. J. Physiol. 261:C594-C601.
Csonka, L.N., and Hanson, A.D. (1991) Prokaryotic osmoregulation: Genetics and physiology. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 45:569-606.
Dasgupta, S., Hohman, T., and Carper, D. (1992) Hypertonic stress induces alpha-beta-crystallin expression. Exp. Eye Res., 54:461-470.
Ferraretto, A., Negri, A., Giuliani, A., De Grada, L., Fuhrman-Conti, A.M., and Ronchi, S. (1993) Aldose reductase is involved in long term acclimation of EUE cells to hyperosmotic stress. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1175:283-288.
Ferraris, J.D., Williams, C.K., Martin, B.M., Burg, M.B., and Garcia-Perez, A. (1994) Cloning, genomic organization, and osmotic response of the aldose reductase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91:10742-10746.
Garcia-Perez, A., and Burg, M. (1991) Renal medullary organic osmolytes. Physiol. Rev. 71:1081-1115.
Garcia-Perez, A., Martin, B., Murphy, H.R., Uchida, S., Murer, H., Cowley, B.D., Handler, J.S., and Burg, M.B. (1989) Molecular cloning of c-DNA coding for kidney aldose reductase. J. Biol. Chem., 264:16815-16821.
Gilles, R. (1987) Volume control and adaptation to changes in ions concentrations in cells of terrestrial and aquatic species: Clues to cell survival in anisosmotic media. In: Comparative Physiology. Life in Water and on Land L. Bolis, P. Dejours, C.R. Taylor, and E.R. Weibel, eds., Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 485-501.
Gilles, R., and Delpire, E. (1995) Variations in salinity, osmolarity and water availability. In: Handbook of Comparative Physiology. W.H. Dantzler, ed. Oxford University Press, New York.
Giuliani, A., Ferraretto, A., Fuhrman Conti, A.M., De Grada, L., Fraschini, A., Pelliciari, C., and Manfredi Romanini, M.G. (1991) A 33 < kDa protein band is enhanced during long-term adaptation of EUE cells to hypertonic medium. Cell Biochem. Funct., 9:87-94.
Hugues, V., Müller, A., Stark, M.J.R., and Cohen, P.T.W. (1993) Both isoforms of protein phosphatase z are essential for the maintenance of cell size and integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. in response to osmotic stress. Eur. J. Biochem., 216:269-279.
Laemmli, U.K., and Favre, M. (1973) Maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. J. Mol. Biol., 80:575-599.
Lenstra, J.A., and Bloemendal, H. (1983) Topography of the total protein population from cultured cells upon fractionation by chemical extractions. Eur. J. Biochem., 135:413-423.
Mundy, J., and Chua, N.H. (1988) Absicic acid and water-stress induce the expression of a novel rice gene. EMBO J., 7:2279-2286.
Nakashima, K., Sugiura, A., Kanamaru, K., and Mizuno, T. (1993) Signal transduction between the two regulatory components involved in the regulation of the kdp ABC operon in Escherichia coli: Phosphorylation-dependent functioning of the positive regulator, kdp E. Mol. Microbiol., 7:109-116.
Petrash, J.M., Flath, M., Sens, D., and Bylander, J. (1992) Effects of osmotic stress and hyperglycemia on aldose reductase gene expression in human renal proximal tubule cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187:201-208.
Petronini, P.G., Tramacere, M., Mazzini, A., Piedimonte, G., Silvotti, L., and Borghetti, A.F. (1987) Hyperosmolarity-induced stress proteins in chick embryo fibroblasts. Exp. Cell Res., 172:450-462.
Roe, J.H., Epstein, J.H., and Golstein, N.P. (1949) A photometric method for the determination of inulin in plasma and urine. J. Biol. Chem., 178:838-845.
Some, M., Albrecht, G.J., Dörge, A., Thurau, K., and Beck, F.X. (1993) Osmotic adaptation of renal medullary cells during transition form chronic diuresis to antidiuresis. Am. J. Physiol., 264:722-729.
Stevens, M.J., Henry, D.N., Thomas, T.P., Killen, P.D., and Greene, D.A. (1993) Aldose reductase gene expression and osmotic dysregulation in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol., 265:E428-E438.
Uchida, S., Garcia-Perez, A., Murphy, M., and Burg, M.B. (1989) Signal for induction of aldose reductase in renal medullary cells by high external NaCl. Am. J. Physiol., 256:C614-C620.
Uchida, S., Kwon, H.M., Yamauchi, A., Preston, A.J., Marumo, F., and Handler, J.S. (1992) Molecular cloning of the cDNA for an MDCK cell Na+ and Cl--dependent taurine transporter that is regulated by hypertonicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89:8230-8234.
Uchida, S., Yamauchi, A., Preston, A.S., Kwon, H., and Handler, J.S. (1993) Medium tonicity regulates expression of the Na+- and Cl--dependent betaine transporter in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells by increasing transcription of the transporter gene. J. Clin. Invest., 91:1604-1607.
Voelkner, P., Puppe, W., and Altendorf, K. (1993) Characterization of the kdpD protein, the sensor kinase of the K+-translocating Kdp system of Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 217:1019-1026.
Wollnik, B., Kubish, C., Maass, A., Vetter, H., and Neyses, L. (1993) Hyperosmotic stress induces immediate-early gene expression in ventricular adult cardiomyocites. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 194:642-646.
Yamauchi, A., Uchida, S., Preston, A.S., Kwon, H.M., and Handler, J.S. (1993) Hypertonicity stimulates transcription of gene for Na+-myo-inositol cotransporter in MDCK cells. Am. J. Physiol., 264:F20-F23.
Yancey, P.H., and Burg, M.B. (1989) Distribution of major organic osmolytes in rabbit kidneys in diuresis and antidiuresis. Am. J. Physiol., 257:F602-F607.
Yancey, P.H., Clark, M.E., Hand, S.C., Bowlus, R.D., and Somero, G.N. (1982) Living with water stress: Evolution of osmolytes systems. Science, 217:1214-1222.