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Abstract :
[en] Background : Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a difficult-to-treat otitis media characterized
by eosinophilic accumulation in the middle ear mucosa and effusion. It is resistant to
conventional treatments and strongly associated with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with
nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Since the diagnostic criteria of EOM were established in 2011 by
Iino, the concept of EOM has been known worldwide. EOM is caused by Type 2
inflammation in the respiratory tract, similar to bronchial asthma and CRSwNP. With the
appreciation of Type 2 inflammatory diseases, the gold standard in treatment consists on
systemic and topical administration of corticosteroids. Recently, several retrospective
studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of biological treatments on EOM. In this report,
the we share our experience regarding response to EOM following the use of biologics.
Material and methods : It is a retrospective observational study involving patients affected
by refractory EOM and in treatment with different biologics (benralizumab, omalizumab,
mepolizumab, dupilumab) for concomitant severe eosinophilic asthma and/or severe
uncontrolled CRSwNP. We also included the prospective follow-up of a patient presenting
with EOM associated with bronchial asthma and CRSwNP who initiated treatment with
mepolizumab. Treatment effectiveness regarding EOM severity was measured using the
medical Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE).
Conclusion : The results of our small sample agree with those found in the literature and
show control of EOM by biologics. We need a larger mutlicentric sample and a methodology
to be able to confirm these results and compare effectiveness of different biologics.
