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Martyrdom and intolerance. Théodore de Bèze and the denial of the “right to martyr(dom)” (De haereticis, 1554)
Bourgaux, Aurélien
2021Tolerance(s) – concepts, language, history and practices
Editorial reviewed
 

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Keywords :
Tolerance and intolerance; Martyrdom; Heresy; Anti-martyrdom; Michael Servetus; Sebastian Castellio; Anti-martyre; Michel Servet; Sébastien Castellion; martyr of the devil; Reformation History; John Calvin; Administration of Truth; Augustine; Tolérance et intolérance; Martyre; Hérésie; martyr du diable; Histoire de la Réforme; Jean Calvin; Administration de la Vérité; Augustin
Abstract :
[en] This communication focuses on the Calvinian intolerance in matter of doctrine, which is based on the principle of identification Truth-certainty. It offers to consider how this intolerance, by relying on both a legal and a theological argumentation, is set in motion against the claim of marginalized Protestants to number martyrs among themselves. The corpus studied takes up the pamphlets that were issued following the Servetus Affair. One of these texts stands out in particular: the De haereticis a civili Magistratu puniendis (1554) authored by the Reformed theologian Theodore de Bèze (1519-1605). On 27th October 1553, the theologian Michael Servetus was burned alive at Geneva for Antitrinitarism. The execution sparked a controversy on the legitimacy of the civil Magistrate to punish heretics by death: the proponents of the Reformed “orthodoxy” validated it while the partisans of a certain religious tolerance, Sebastian Castellio ahead, contested it. This war of feathers has already been the subject of numerous studies questioning the notion of tolerance. An angle remains unexplored, however: the rejection of the “right” of Servetus to martyrdom. In fact, some of his supporters tended to grant him the palm after his death or to sow confusion between heretic and martyr: don’t they both die for their faith? Bèze opposes this call to tolerance the following response: no, Servetus is not a “martyr of God”, he is, on the contrary, a “martyr of the devil”. Putting the latter concept into perspective suggests how doctrinal intolerance produces the denial of the “right to martyr(dom)”.
Research center :
Transitions - Transitions (Département de recherches sur le Moyen Âge tardif & la première Modernité) - ULiège
Disciplines :
History
Religion & theology
Author, co-author :
Bourgaux, Aurélien  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences historiques > Département des sciences historiques
Language :
English
Title :
Martyrdom and intolerance. Théodore de Bèze and the denial of the “right to martyr(dom)” (De haereticis, 1554)
Alternative titles :
[fr] Martyre et intolérance. Théodore de Bèze et la dénégation du « droit au martyr(e) » (De haereticis, 1554)
Publication date :
11 October 2021
Event name :
Tolerance(s) – concepts, language, history and practices
Event organizer :
Stockholms Universitet
Université Côte-d'Azur
Event place :
Stockholm, Sweden
Event date :
du 11 au 12 octobre 2021
Audience :
International
Peer reviewed :
Editorial reviewed
Name of the research project :
Changer la lumière en ténèbres. Martyre et anti-martyre dans l'oeuvre de Théodore de Bèze (ca 1544-1603) [titre temporaire]
Funders :
Stockholms universitet [SE]
MSHS - Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société [FR]
Kungl Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien [SE]
Nobel Prize Museum [SE]
Commentary :
Manifestation organisée originellement les 12 et 13 octobre 2020, reportée pour cause de pandémie COVID-19.
Available on ORBi :
since 22 August 2020

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