Which justice models for the agro-ecological transitions?

There is no simple model of agroecological transition, and this is not only because it is located, complex, uncertain and undetermined pathways. Actors and their collectives, have different normative backgrounds to deal with the dilemma that agroecological transition rise. We seek to position ourselves from a theoretical point of view in a middle ground between a lack of normative framework and a deterministic approach where the transition possibilities of the actors are determined in a structuralist context. We problematize the normative frames of agroecology transitions by mobilizing the works of Mathieu de Nanteuil on “Justice at Work” and the different ethical model that he describes. Than we discuss three case study that illustrate three ethical dilemmas: compromise, capacity and recognition. The specificity of those case studies relies on their interdisciplinarity and transformative potential as well as their institutional setting (Belgium, France , Europe). From these three cases we underline that we cannot philosophically decide between these normative models, on the contrary, we must start pragmatically from the point of view of the actors. From this perspective, it is not so much the necessary presentation of the model that counts, but rather the resources it constitutes and from which actors will draw to achieve their agroecological transitions. What matters is to understand how actors struggle to establish their models.