ALLEN, P. M. 1994. Peptides in positive and negative selection: A delicate balance. Cell 76: 593-596.
VAN EWIJK, W. 1988. Cell surface topography of thymic microenvironments. Lab. Invest. 59: 579-590.
VON GAUDECKER, B. 1991. Functional anatomy of the human thymus. Anat. Embryol. 183: 1-15.
GOOD, R. A., A. P. DALMASSO, C. MARTINEZ, O. K. ARCHER, J. C. PIERCE & B. W. PAPERMASTER. 1962. The role of the thymus in development of immunologic capacity in rabbits and mice. J. Exp. Med. 116: 773-796.
MILLER, J. F. A. P. 1964. The thymus and the development of immunologic responsiveness. The thymus directs the maturation of immunologic capabilities by means of a humoral mechanism. Science 144: 1544-1551.
VON GAUDECKER, B. & H. K. MÜLLER-HERMELINK. 1982. Ultrastructural investigation of the lympho-epithelial and lympho-mesenchymal interactions in the ontogeny of the human thymus. In Immunology and Ageing. N. Fabris, Ed.: 51-58. Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague.
MACKALL, C. L., T. A. FLEISHER, M. R. BROWN el al. 1995. Age, thymopoiesis, and CD4+ T-lymphocyte regeneration after intensive chemotherapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 332: 143-149.
BARGMANN, W. 1943. Der Thymus. In Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. W. V. Möllendorff, Ed.: 1-172. Springer. Berlin.
CORDIER, A. C. & S. M. HAUMONT. 1980. Development of thymus, parathyroids, and ultimo-branchial bodies in NMRI and nude mice. Am. J. Anat. 157: 227-263.
HAYNES, B. F. 1984. The human thymic microenvironment. Adv. Immunol. 36: 87-142.
LE DOUARLN, N. M. 1982. The Neural Crest. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, U.K.
BOCKMAN, D. E. & M. L. KIRBY. 1984. Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. Science 223: 498-501.
OIVEN, J. T. T. & M. A. RITTER. 1969. Tissue interaction in the development of thymus lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 129: 431-142.
EZINE, S., I. L. WEISSMAN & R. V. ROUSE. 1984. Bone marrow cells give rise to distinct cell clones within the thymus. Nature 309: 629-631.
SCOLLAY, R. 1992. T lymphocytes. In Encyclopedia of Immunology. I. M. Roitt, P. J. Delves, Eds.: 1473-1475. Academic Press. London.
GEENEN, V. & G. KROEMER. 1993. The multiple ways to cellular immune tolerance. Immuno. Today 14: 573-576.
KAPPLER, J. W., N. ROEHM & P. C. MARRACK. 1987. T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus. Cell 149: 273-280.
MACDONALD, H. R., R. SCHNEIDER, R. K. LEES, R. C. HOWE, H. ACHA-ORBEA, H. FESTENSTEIN, R. M. ZINKERNAGEL & H. HENGARTNER. 1988. T-cell receptor Vβ use predicts reactivity and tolerance to Mlsa-encoded antigens. Nature 332: 40-45.
KISIELOW, P., H. BLÜTHMANN, U. D. STAERZ, M. STEINMETZ & H. M. VON BOEHMER. 1988. Tolerance in T-cell receptor transgenic mice involves deletion of nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes. Nature 333: 742-746.
SPRENT, J. & D. T. TOUGH. 1994. Lymphocyte life-span and memory. Science 265: 1395-1400.
WEKERLE, H. & U-P. KETELSEN. 1980. Thymic nurse cells-Ia bearing epithelium involved in T lymphocyte differentiation? Nature 283: 402-404.
LORENZ, R. G. & P. M. ALLEN. 1989. Thymic cortical epithelial cells can present self-antigens in vivo. Nature 337: 560-562.
WEBB, S. B. & J. SPRENT. 1990. Tolerogenicity of thymic epithelium. Eur. J. Immunol. 20: 2525-2528
SALAÜN, J., A. BANDEIRA, I. KHAZAAL, F. CALMAN, M. COLTEY, A. COUTINHO & N. M. LE DOUARIN. 1990. Thymic epithelium tolerizes for histocompatibility antigens. Science 247: 1471-1474.
SPEISER, D. E., H. PIRCHER, P. OHASHI, D. KYBURZ, H. HENGARTNER & R. M. ZINKERNAGEL. 1992. Clonal deletion induced by either radioresistant thymic host cells or lymphohemopoietic donor cells: A different stage of class I-restricted T cell ontogeny. J. Exp. Med. 175: 1227-1285.
ROBERTSON, K., K. SIMON, S. SCHNEIDER, E. TIMMS & N. A. MITCHISON. 1992. Tolerance of self induced in thymus organ culture. Eur. J. Immunol. 22: 207-211.
IWABUCHI, K., K. I. NAKAYAMA, R. L. MCCOY, F. WANG, T. NISHIMURA, S. HABU, K. M. MURPHY & D. Y. LOH. 1992. Cellular and peptide requirements for in vitro clonal deletion of immature thymocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 9000-9004.
BONOMO, A. & P. MATZINGER. 1993. Thymus epithelium induces tissue-specific tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 177: 1153-1164.
HUGO, P., J. W. KAPPLER, D. L. GODFREY & P. C. MARRACK. 1994. Thymic epithelial cell lines that mediate positive selection can also induce thymocyte clonal deletion. J. Immunol. 152: 1022-1031.
VUKMANOVIC, S., S. C. JAMESON & M. J. BEVAN. 1994. A thymic epithelial cell line induces both positive and negative selection in the thymus. Int. Immunol. 6: 239-246.
PIRCHER, H., K. BRDUSHA, U. STEINHOFF, M. KASAI, T MIZUOCHI, R. M. ZINKERNAGEL, H. HENGARTNER, B. KYEWSKY & K-P. MÜLLER. 1993. Tolerance induction by clonal deletion of CD4+8+ thymocytes in vitro does not require dedicated antigen-presenting cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23: 669-674.
DARDENNE, M. & J-F. BACH. 1988. Functional biology of thymic hormones. In Thymus Update. Vol. 1. M. D. Kendall & M. A. Ritter, Eds.: 101-116. Harwood Academic Publishers. London.
GOLDSTEIN, A. L. 1984. Thymic Hormones and Lymphokines. Plenum Press. New York.
SEBZDA, E., V. A. WALLACE, J. MAYER, R. S. M. YOUNG, T. W. MAK & P. S. OHASHI. 1994. Positive and negative thymocyte selection induced by different concentrations of a single peptide. Science 263: 1615-1618.
ASHTON-RlCKARDT, P. G., A. BANDEIRA, J. R. DELANEY, L. VAN KAER, H-P. PlRCHER, R. M. ZINKERNAGEL & S. TONEGAWA. 1994. Evidence for a differential avidity model of T cell selection in the thymus. Cell 76: 651-663.
MARTENS, H., B. GOXE & V. GEENEN. 1996. The thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine self-antigens: Physiological implications in T-cell life and death. Immunol. Today 17: 312-317.
KECHA, O., I. ACHOUR, D. HODZIC, B. GOXE, R. WINKLER & V. GEENEN. 1996. IGF-II expression in the human thymus. In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Endocrinology, P1-659.
GEENEN, V., H. MARTENS, E. VANDERSMISSEN, O. KECHA, A. BENHIDA, J-J. LEGROS, F. RENTTER-DELRUE & J. MARTIAL. 1995. Cellular and molecular aspects of thymic T-cell education to neurohypophysial principles. Excerpta Med. Intern. Congr. Ser. 108: 309-319.
GEENEN, V., E. VANDERSMISSEN, H. MARTENS, G. DEGIOVANNI & P. FRANCHIMONT. 1993. Evidence for the association between human thymic MHC class I molecules and a dominant neurohypophysial peptide. J. Immunol. 150 (suppl. 1): 39A.
GEENEN, V., E. VANDERSMISSEN, H. MARTENS, N. CORMANN-GOFFIN, G. DEGIOVANNI , J-J. LEGROS, A. BENHIDA, J. MARTIAL & P. FRANCHLMONT. 1993. Membrane translocation and association with MHC class I of a human thymic neurophysin-like protein. Thymus 22: 55-66.
LE, P. T., S. LAZORICK, L. P. WHICHARD, Y-C. YANG, S. C. CLARK, B. F. HAYNES & K. H. SINGER. 1990. Human thymic epithelial ceils produce IL6, granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, and leukemia inhibitory factor. J. Immunol. 145: 3310-3316.
MARTENS, H., B. MALGRANGE, F. ROBERT, C. CHARLET, D. HEYMANN, A. GODARD, J-P. SOUULLOU, D. DE GROOTE, G. MOONEN & V. GEENEN. 1996 Cytokine production by human thymic epithelial cells: Control by the immunological recognition of the neurohypophysial self antigen. Regul. Pept. 67: 39-45.
ZINKERNAGEL, R. M. & P. C. DOHERTY. 1979. MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells: Studies on the biological role of polymorphic-major transplantation antigens determining T cell restriction-specificity, function and responsiveness. Adv. Immunol. 27: 51-85.
SIMPSON, E., P. J. ROBINSON, P. CHANDLER, M. M. MILLRAIN, H-P. PIRCHER, D. BRÄNDLE, P. TOMLINSON, J. ANTONIOU & A. MELLOR. 1995. Separation of thymic education from antigen presenting functions of major histocompatibility class I molecules. Immunology 81: 132-136.
BENDELAC, A. 1995. CD1: Presenting unusual antigens to unusual T lymphocytes. Science 269: 185-186.
SUNDLER, F., R. E. CARRAWAY, R. HAKANSON, J. ALUMETS & M. P. DUBOIS. 1978. Immunoreactive neurotensin and somatostatin in the chicken thymus. Cell Tissue Res. 194: 367-376.
VANNESTE, Y, A. NTODOV-THOME, E. VANDERSMISSEN, C. CHARLET, D. FRANCHIMONT, H. MARTENS, R. M. SCHIMEFF, W. ROSTENS & V. GEENEN. 1997. Identification of neurotensinrelated peptides in human thymic epithelial membranes and relationship with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. J. Neuroimmunol. 76: 161-166.
GEENEN, V., I. ACHOUR, O. KECHA, D. L. GREINER, A. A. ROSSINI & P. J. LEFEBVRE. 1996. Thymic insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in man and in an animal model of autoimmune IDDM. Diabetologia 39 (Suppl.), A15.
WIEMANN, M. & G. EHRET. 1993. Subcellular localization of immuno-reactive oxytocin within thymic epithelial cells of the male mouse. Cell Tissue Res. 273: 79-87.
FUNDER, J. W. 1990. Paracrine, cryptocrine, acrocrine. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 70: C21-C24.
GEENEN, V, F. ROBERT, H. MARTENS, A. BENHIDA, G. DEGIOVANNI, M-P. DEFRESNE, J. BONIVER, J. MARTIAL & P. FRANCHIMONT. 1991. Biosynthesis and paracrine/cryptocrine actions of "self" neurohypophysial-related peptides in the thymus. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 76: C27-C31.
ELANDS, J., A. RESINK & E. R. DE KLOET. 1990. Neurohypophysial hormone receptors in the rat thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Endocrinology 126: 2702-2710.
MARTENS. H., F. ROBERT, J-J. LEGROS. V. GEENEN & P. FRANCHIMONT. 1992. Expression of functional neurohypophysial peptide receptors by murine immature and cytotoxic T-cell lines. Prog. NeuroEndocrinImmunol. 5: 31-39.
MARTENS, H., N. LIEBENS, M-P. DEFRESNE & V. GEENEN. 1996. Neurohypophysial-related peptides induce phosphorylation of p125FAK and other intracellular proteins in murine immature T-cell line. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Endocrinology, P2 907.
DAYAN, C. M., N. RANDALL CHU, M. LONDEI, B. RAPOPORT & M. FELD.MANN. 1993. T cells involved in human autoimmune disease are resistant to tolerance induction. J. Immunol. 151: 1606-1613.
LEE, L. A., H. A. GRITSCH, J. J. SERGIO, J. S. ARN, R. M. GLASER, T. SABLINSKI, D. H. SACHS & M. SYKES. 1994. Specific tolerance across a discordant xenogeneic transplantation barrier. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 10864-10867.
LAMBRIGTS, D., C. FRANSSEN, H. MARTENS, P. VAN CALSTER, M. MEURISSE, V. GEENEN, C. CHARLET-RENARD, A. DEWAELE, F. COIGNOUL, M. LAMY & G. ALEXANDRE. 1996. Development of thymus autografts under the kidney capsule in the pig: A new "organ" for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 3: 296-303.