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Abstract :
[en] Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) mimics human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and affects old dogs from the West Highland white terrier (WHWT) breed. Due to difficulties to both diagnose early and follow the course of pulmonary fibrosis, numerous biomarkers have been studied in both species. In humans, the mucin Krebs Von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) has consistently been found to be increased in the serum from patients with interstitial lung disease, including IPF and is possibly involved in the IPF pathophysiological process. In CIPF, it has not yet been assessed.
In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of serum KL-6 concentration in CIPF as well as the association between serum KL-6 concentrations and breed predisposition for the disease.
Blood was obtained from 5 groups of dogs: WHWTs affected with CIPF (n=20, 14 females (F)/6 males (M), mean age=11.0y, range [5.2-14.5]), healthy aged-matched WHWTs (n=18, 11F/7M, 10.5y [5.3-15.3]), and healthy dogs from other breeds not predisposed for CIPF: Jack Russel terriers (JR) (n=13, 8F/5M, 6.0y [3.0-9.1]), Malinois Belgian shepherds (MBS) (n=13, 5F/8M, 6.5y [2.8-10.8]) and King Charles spaniels (KCS) (n=13, 9F/4M, 6.5y [3.6-9.3]). Serum was stored at -80°C until batched analysis. KL-6 concentration was measured with a commercially available ELISA test (Canine Krebs Von den Lungen 6 Elisa kit, amsbio). Results were compared using a covariance analysis including the 5 groups defined above, gender and an interaction between groups and gender together with the effect of the age. The analysis was followed by post-hoc comparisons between groups using t-tests. Results show that only the effect of groups was significant (p=0.010). Serum KL-6 concentration was higher in healthy WHWTs (4.8+/-4.0 ng/ml) compared with KCS (1.6+/-1.8 ng/ml) and MBS (2.2+/-1.0 ng/ml) (p=0.001 and 0.013 respectively) and higher in JR (4.1+/-2.9 ng/ml) compared with KCS (p=0.016). There was no difference between CIPF (3.2+/-1.9 ng/ml) and healthy WHWTs (p=0.072).
In conclusion, differences in serum KL-6 concentrations were found amongst breeds in healthy dogs, with higher concentrations observed in terrier breeds. Whether this may reflect a predisposing factor for CIPF development merits further investigations. Unlike what has been found in human IPF, KL-6 is not a good serum biomarker for diagnosis as there was no difference between CIPF and unaffected WHWTs.