Lee YH, Pratley RE: The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep 5:70-75, 2005.
Trayhurn P: The biology of obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 64:31-38, 2005.
Fasshauer M, Paschke R: Regulation of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Diabetologia 46:1594-1603, 2003.
Greenberg AS, Obin MS: Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 83(suppl):461S-465S, 2006.
Matsuzawa Y: Adipocytokines and metabolic syndrome. Semin Vasc Med 5:34-39, 2005.
Bastard JP, Maachi M, Lagathu C, et al: Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Eur Cytokine Netw 17:4-12, 2006.
Hotamisligil GS: The role of TNFalpha and TNF receptors in obesity and insulin resistance. J Intern Med 245:621-625, 1999.
Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S, Sandur SK, et al: Inflammation and cancer: How hot is the link? Biochem Pharmacol 72(11):1605-1621, 2006.
Philip M, Rowley DA, Schreiber H: Inflammation as a tumor promoter in cancer induction. Semin Cancer Biol 14:433-439, 2004.
Szlosarek P, Charles KA, Balkwill FR: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha as a tumour promoter. Eur J Cancer 42:745-750, 2006.
Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, et al: The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med 7:941-946, 2001.
Weyer C, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, et al: Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1930-1935, 2001.
McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, et al: Differentiation between obesity and insulin resistance in the association with C-reactive protein. Circulation 106:2908-2912, 2002.
Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, et al: Reciprocal association of C-reactive protein with adiponectin in blood stream and adipose tissue. Circulation 107:671-674, 2003.
Wisse BE: The inflammatory syndrome: The role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:2792-2800, 2004.
Beltowski J: Apelin and visfatin: Unique "beneficial" adipokines up-regulated in obesity? Med Sci Monit 12:RA112-RA119, 2006.
Eisele I, Wood IS, German AJ, et al: Adipokine gene expression in dog adipose tissues and dog white adipocytes differentiated in primary culture. Horm Metab Res 37:474-481, 2005.
Leray V, Gayet C, Martin L, et al: Modulation of uncoupling protein 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in adipose tissue in obese insulin-resistant dogs. J Nutr 134(suppl):2154S-2157S, 2004.
Goldstein BJ, Ahmad F, Ding W, et al: Regulation of the insulin signalling pathway by cellular protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Mol Cell Biochem 182:91-99, 1998.
Shepherd PR, Kahn BB: Glucose transporters and insulin action: Implications for insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 341:248-257, 1999.
Steppan CM, Lazar MA: Resistin and obesity-associated insulin resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:18-23, 2002.
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al: Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 289:76-79, 2003.
Mittelman SD, Van Citters GW, Kirkman EL, et al: Extreme insulin resistance of the central adipose depot in vivo. Diabetes 51:755-761, 2002.
Gerich JE: Contributions of insulin-resistance and insulin-secretory defects to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc 78:447-456, 2003.
Larson BT, Lawler DF, Spitznagel EL Jr, et al: Improved glucose tolerance with lifetime diet restriction favorably affects disease and survival in dogs. J Nutr 133:2887-2892, 2003.
Miyashita Y, Shirai K, Itoh Y, et al: Low lipoprotein lipase mass in preheparin serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its recovery with insulin therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 56:181-187, 2002.
Bailhache E, Ouguerram K, Gayet C, et al: An insulin-resistant hypertriglyceridaemic normotensive obese dog model: Assessment of insulin resistance by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp in combination with the stable isotope technique. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 87:86-95, 2003.
Gayet C, Bailhache E, Dumon H, et al: Insulin resistance and changes in plasma concentration of TNFalpha, IGF1, and NEFA in dogs during weight gain and obesity. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 88:157-165, 2004.
Bailhache E, Briand F, Nguyen P, et al: Metabolism of cholesterol ester of apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoproteins in dogs: Evidence for disregarding cholesterol ester transfer. Eur J Clin Invest 34:527-534, 2004.
Bailhache E, Nguyen P, Krempf M, et al: Lipoproteins abnormalities in obese insulin-resistant dogs. Metabolism 52:559-564, 2003.
Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al: Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med 333:677-685, 1995.
Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, et al: Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: Is interleukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis 148:209-214, 2000.
Sowers JR: Obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Med 115(suppl 8A):37S-41S, 2003.
Galinier M, Pathak A, Roncalli J, et al: [Obesity and cardiac failure]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 98:39-45, 2005.
Lau DC, Dhillon B, Yan H, et al: Adipokines: Molecular links between obesity and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H2031-H2041, 2005.
Ross R: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Am Heart J 138(suppl):S419-S420, 1999.
Duntas LH, Popovic V, Panotopoulos G: Adiponectin: Novelties in metabolism and hormonal regulation. Nutr Neurosci 7:195-200, 2004.
Howard BV, Ruotolo G, Robbins DC: Obesity and dyslipidemia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 32:855-867, 2003.
Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Walker M: Overweight and obesity and weight change in middle aged men: Impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes. J Epidemiol Community Health 59:134-139, 2005.
Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, et al: Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:968-976, 2006.
Engeli S, Sharma AM: The renin-angiotensin system and natriuretic peptides in obesity-associated hypertension. J Mol Med 79:21-29, 2001.
Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Naimark A, et al: Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 109:18-24, 1988.
Ren J: Leptin and hyperleptinemia: From friend to foe for cardiovascular function. J Endocrinol 181:1-10, 2004.
Wofford MR, Hall JE: Pathophysiology and treatment of obesity hypertension. Curr Pharm Des 10:3621-3637, 2004.
Bodey AR, Michell AR: Epidemiological study of blood pressure in domestic dogs. J Small Anim Pract 37:116-125, 1996.
Borne AT, Truett AA, Monteiro MP, et al: Changes in skeletal muscle vascular resistance with weight gain: Associations with insulin and sympathetic activity. Obes Res 7:68-75, 1999.
Rocchini AP, Yang JQ, Gokee A: Hypertension and insulin resistance are not directly related in obese dogs. Hypertension 43:1011-1016, 2004.
Philip-Couderc P, Smih F, Hall JE, et al: Kinetic analysis of cardiac transcriptome regulation during chronic high-fat diet in dogs. Physiol Genomics 19:32-40, 2004.
Gu JW, Wang J, Stockton A, et al: Cytokine gene expression profiles in kidney medulla and cortex of obese hypertensive dogs. Kidney Int 66:713-721, 2004.
Curtis CL, Harwood JL, Dent CM, et al: Biological basis for the benefit of nutraceutical supplementation in arthritis. Drug Discov Today 9:165-172, 2004.
Guilak F, Fermor B, Keefe FJ, et al: The role of biomechanics and inflammation in cartilage injury and repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 17-26, 2004.
Sarzi-Puttini P, Cimmino MA, Scarpa R, et al: Osteoarthritis: An overview of the disease and its treatment strategies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35:1-10, 2005.
Richardson DC, Schoenherr WD, Zicker SC: Nutritional management of osteoarthritis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:883-911, 1997.
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al: Five-year longitudinal study on limited food consumption and development of osteoarthritis in coxofemoral joints of dogs. JAVMA 210:222-225, 1997.
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al: Evaluation of the effect of limited food consumption on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in dogs. JAVMA 217:1678-1680, 2000.
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al: Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. JAVMA 220:1315-1320, 2002.
Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Janssen WM, Hillege HL, et al: Urinary albumin excretion is associated with renal functional abnormalities in a nondiabetic population. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:1882-1888, 2000.
El Atat FA, Stas SN, McFarlane SI, et al: The relationship between hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and progressive renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:2816-2827, 2004.
Sarafidis PA, Ruilope LM: Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and renal injury: Mechanisms and implications. Am J Nephrol 26:232-244, 2006.
Baratta M: Leptin: From a signal of adiposity to a hormonal mediator in peripheral tissues. Med Sci Monit 8:RA282-RA292, 2002.
Papafragkaki DK, Tolis G: Obesity and renal disease: A possible role of leptin. Hormones (Athens) 4:90-95, 2005.
Henegar JR, Bigler SA, Henegar LK, et al: Functional and structural changes in the kidney in the early stages of obesity. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:1211-1217, 2001.
Kambham N, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, et al: Obesity-related glomerulopathy: An emerging epidemic. Kidney Int 59:1498-1509, 2001.
Stuveling EM, Hillege HL, Bakker SJ, et al: C-reactive protein is associated with renal function abnormalities in a non-diabetic population. Kidney Int 63:654-661, 2003.
Hall JE, Brands MW, Zappe DH, et al: Hemodynamic and renal responses to chronic hyperinsulinemia in obese, insulin-resistant dogs. Hypertension 25:994-1002, 1995.
Hall JE, Brands MW, Zappe DH, et al: Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension: Causes, consequences, or merely correlations? Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208:317-329, 1995.
Adami HO, Trichopoulos D: Obesity and mortality from cancer. N Engl J Med 348:1623-1624, 2003.
Moore LL, Bradlee ML, Singer MR, et al: BMI and waist circumference as predictors of lifetime colon cancer risk in Framingham Study adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:559-567, 2004.
Biddinger SB, Ludwig DS: The insulin-like growth factor axis: A potential link between glycemic index and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 82:277-278, 2005.
Friedrich MJ: Researchers explore obesity-cancer link. JAMA 290:2790-2791, 2003.
Housa D, Housova J, Vernerova Z, et al: Adipocytokines and cancer. Physiol Res 55:233-244, 2006.
Dal Maso L, Augustin LS, Karalis A, et al: Circulating adiponectin and endometrial cancer risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1160-1163, 2004.
Mantzoros C, Petridou E, Dessypris N, et al: Adiponectin and breast cancer risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1102-1107, 2004.
Paltoo D, Woodson K, Taylor P, et al: Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene and risk of prostate cancer among men in a large cancer prevention study. Cancer Lett 191:67-74, 2003.
Gunter MJ, Leitzmann MF: Obesity and colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, mechanisms and candidate genes. J Nutr Biochem 17:145-156, 2006.
van Horssen R, Ten Hagen TL, Eggermont AM: TNF-alpha in cancer treatment: Molecular insights, antitumor effects, and clinical utility. Oncologist 11:397-408, 2006.
Perez A, Pena L, del Castillo N, et al: Factors influencing the incidence and prognosis of canine mammary tumours. J Small Anim Pract 41:287-291, 2000.
Perez AD, Rutteman GR, Pena L, et al: Relation between habitual diet and canine mammary tumors in a case-control study. J Vet Intern Med 12:132-139, 1998.
Boden G: Fatty acid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver. Curr Diab Rep 6:177-181, 2006.
Ma X, Li Z: Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Chin J Dig Dis 7:7-11, 2006.
Mendez-Sanchez N, Chavez-Tapia NC, Zamora-Valdes D, et al: Adiponectin, structure, function and pathophysiological implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 6:651-656, 2006.
Poulain M, Doucet M, Major GC, et al: The effect of obesity on chronic respiratory diseases: Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. CMAJ 174:1293-1299, 2006.
John BJ, Irukulla S, Abulafi AM, et al: Systematic review: Adipose tissue, obesity and gastrointestinal diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23:1511-1523, 2006.
Shaffer EA: Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: Has the paradigm changed in the 21st century? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 7:132-140, 2005.
Barber TM, McCarthy MI, Wass JA, et al: Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65:137-145, 2006.
Saag KG, Choi H: Epidemiology, risk factors, and lifestyle modifications for gout. Arthritis Res Ther 8(suppl 1):S2, 2006.
Calvert RC, Burgess NA: Urolithiasis and obesity: Metabolic and technical considerations. Curr Opin Urol 15:113-117, 2005.