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Abstract :
[en] Triclosan (5-chloro-2-[2, 4-dichlorophenoxy] phenol) is an antimicrobial widely used in various industrial products such as textiles, cosmetics and body care products. It is often detected in aquatic environments. The presence of the main biotransformation product, methyl TCS, indicates that this compound is not only degraded, but also persistent and accumulates in aquatic organisms. In this study, the effects of TCS on the thyroid system during embryonic and larval stages in Cyprinodon variegatus were evaluated. In particular, whole body thyroid hormone levels and the activity of deiodinases, enzymes involved in the activation of the thyroid prohormone T4, were measured. Couples of three females and two males were placed in breeding chambers designed for this experiment from which 3832 eggs were obtained by reproduction in the laboratory. Eggs were collected and maintained in seawater. Embryos were selected under a dissection microscope, randomly assigned to each of five treatment groups: Control, DMSO control (vehicle), 20 μg/L TCS, 50 μg/L TCS and 100 μg/L TCS and placed in incubation dishes (50 per dish) at 25°C. On day 6, embryos hatched and larvae were transferred to 1L dishes. The larvae were fed on artemia and on flaked fish food till day 15 post hatching when the fish were analyzed. The fertilization and survival rate, as well as the larval dry weight did not vary significantly between individuals exposed to 20, 50 and 100 μg/L TCS. T3 and T4 concentrations increased significantly in larvae exposed to 50 and 100 μg/L TCS. The study of the activity of enzymes involved in the deiodination of thyroid hormones (ORD) represents a new aspect in the study of endocrine disruption in C. variegatus. Unfortunately, we were not able to detect a net enzymatic T4 deiodination activity, most likely due to the very small amounts of protein and low specific enzyme activity in brain homogenates, carcass and liver.
