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The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission
Nandra, Kirpal; Barret, Didier; Barcons, Xavier et al.
2013
 

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Keywords :
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena; Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] This White Paper, submitted to the recent ESA call for science themes to define its future large missions, advocates the need for a transformational leap in our understanding of two key questions in astrophysics: 1) How does ordinary matter assemble into the large scale structures that we see today? 2) How do black holes grow and shape the Universe? Hot gas in clusters, groups and the intergalactic medium dominates the baryonic content of the local Universe. To understand the astrophysical processes responsible for the formation and assembly of these large structures, it is necessary to measure their physical properties and evolution. This requires spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy with a factor 10 increase in both telescope throughput and spatial resolving power compared to currently planned facilities. Feedback from supermassive black holes is an essential ingredient in this process and in most galaxy evolution models, but it is not well understood. X-ray observations can uniquely reveal the mechanisms launching winds close to black holes and determine the coupling of the energy and matter flows on larger scales. Due to the effects of feedback, a complete understanding of galaxy evolution requires knowledge of the obscured growth of supermassive black holes through cosmic time, out to the redshifts where the first galaxies form. X-ray emission is the most reliable way to reveal accreting black holes, but deep survey speed must improve by a factor ~100 over current facilities to perform a full census into the early Universe. The Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena+) mission provides the necessary performance (e.g. angular resolution, spectral resolution, survey grasp) to address these questions and revolutionize our understanding of the Hot and Energetic Universe. These capabilities will also provide a powerful observatory to be used in all areas of astrophysics.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Nandra, Kirpal
Barret, Didier
Barcons, Xavier
Fabian, Andy
den Herder, Jan-Willem
Piro, Luigi
Watson, Mike
Adami, Christophe
Aird, James
Afonso, Jose Manuel
Alexander, Dave
Argiroffi, Costanza
Amati, Lorenzo
Arnaud, Monique
Atteia, Jean-Luc
Audard, Marc
Badenes, Carles
Ballet, Jean
Ballo, Lucia
Bamba, Aya
Bhardwaj, Anil
Stefano Battistelli, Elia
Becker, Werner
De Becker, Michaël  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Behar, Ehud
Bianchi, Stefano
Biffi, Veronica
Bîrzan, Laura
Bocchino, Fabrizio
Bogdanov, Slavko
Boirin, Laurence
Boller, Thomas
Borgani, Stefano
Borm, Katharina
Bouché, Nicolas
Bourdin, Hervé
Bower, Richard
Braito, Valentina
Branchini, Enzo
Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella
Bregman, Joel
Brenneman, Laura
Brightman, Murray
Brüggen, Marcus
Buchner, Johannes
Bulbul, Esra
Brusa, Marcella
Bursa, Michal
Caccianiga, Alessandro
Cackett, Ed
Campana, Sergio
Cappelluti, Nico
Cappi, Massimo
Carrera, Francisco
Ceballos, Maite
Christensen, Finn
Chu, You-Hua
Churazov, Eugene
Clerc, Nicolas
Corbel, Stephane
Corral, Amalia
Comastri, Andrea
Costantini, Elisa
Croston, Judith
Dadina, Mauro
D'Ai, Antonino
Decourchelle, Anne
Della Ceca, Roberto
Dennerl, Konrad
Dolag, Klaus
Done, Chris
Dovciak, Michal
Drake, Jeremy
Eckert, Dominique
Edge, Alastair
Ettori, Stefano
Ezoe, Yuichiro
Feigelson, Eric
Fender, Rob
Feruglio, Chiara
Finoguenov, Alexis
Fiore, Fabrizio
Galeazzi, Massimiliano
Gallagher, Sarah
Gandhi, Poshak
Gaspari, Massimo
Gastaldello, Fabio
Georgakakis, Antonis
Georgantopoulos, Ioannis
Gilfanov, Marat
Gitti, Myriam
Gladstone, Randy
Goosmann, Rene
Gosset, Eric ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > GAPHE : Astrophysique observationnelle (sol et espace)
Grosso, Nicolas
Guedel, Manuel
Guerrero, Martin
Haberl, Frank
Hardcastle, Martin
Heinz, Sebastian
Alonso Herrero, Almudena
Hervé, Anthony
Holmstrom, Mats
Iwasawa, Kazushi
Jonker, Peter
Kaastra, Jelle
Kara, Erin
Karas, Vladimir
Kastner, Joel
King, Andrew
Kosenko, Daria
Koutroumpa, Dimita
Kraft, Ralph
Kreykenbohm, Ingo
Lallement, Rosine
Lanzuisi, Giorgio
Lee, J.
Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne
Lobban, Andrew
Lodato, Giuseppe
Lovisari, Lorenzo
Lotti, Simone
McCharthy, Ian
McNamara, Brian
Maggio, Antonio
Maiolino, Roberto
De Marco, Barbara
de Martino, Domitilla
Mateos, Silvia
Matt, Giorgio
Maughan, Ben
Mazzotta, Pasquale
Mendez, Mariano
Merloni, Andrea
Micela, Giuseppina
Miceli, Marco
Mignani, Robert
Miller, Jon
Miniutti, Giovanni
Molendi, Silvano
Montez, Rodolfo
Moretti, Alberto
Motch, Christian
Nazé, Yaël  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège
Nevalainen, Jukka
Nicastro, Fabrizio
Nulsen, Paul
Ohashi, Takaya
O'Brien, Paul
Osborne, Julian
Oskinova, Lida
Pacaud, Florian
Paerels, Frederik
Page, Mat
Papadakis, Iossif
Pareschi, Giovanni
Petre, Robert
Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
Piconcelli, Enrico
Pillitteri, Ignazio
Pinto, C.
de Plaa, Jelle
Pointecouteau, Etienne
Ponman, Trevor
Ponti, Gabriele
Porquet, Delphine
Pounds, Ken
Pratt, Gabriel
Predehl, Peter
Proga, Daniel
Psaltis, Dimitrios
Rafferty, David
Ramos-Ceja, Miriam
Ranalli, Piero
Rasia, Elena
Rau, Arne
Rauw, Grégor  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Sciences spatiales
Rea, Nanda
Read, Andy
Reeves, James
Reiprich, Thomas
Renaud, Matthieu
Reynolds, Chris
Risaliti, Guido
Rodriguez, Jerome
Rodriguez Hidalgo, Paola
Roncarelli, Mauro
Rosario, David
Rossetti, Mariachiara
Roszanska, Agata
Rovilos, Emmanouil
Salvaterra, Ruben
Salvato, Mara
Di Salvo, Tiziana
Sanders, Jeremy
Sanz-Forcada, Jorge
Schawinski, Kevin
Schaye, Joop
Schwope, Axel
Sciortino, Salvatore
Severgnini, Paola
Shankar, Francesco
Sijacki, Debora
Sim, Stuart
Schmid, Christian
Smith, Randall
Steiner, Andrew
Stelzer, Beate
Stewart, Gordon
Strohmayer, Tod
Strüder, Lothar
Sun, Ming
Takei, Yoh
Tatischeff, V.
Tiengo, Andreas
Tombesi, Francesco
Trinchieri, Ginevra
Tsuru, T. G.
Ud-Doula, Asif
Ursino, Eugenio
Valencic, Lynne
Vanzella, Eros
Vaughan, Simon
Vignali, Cristian
Vink, Jacco
Vito, Fabio
Volonteri, Marta
Wang, Daniel
Webb, Natalie
Willingale, Richard
Wilms, Joern
Wise, Michael
Worrall, Diana
Young, Andrew
Zampieri, Luca
In't Zand, Jean
Zane, Silvia
Zezas, Andreas
Zhang, Yuying
Zhuravleva, Irina
More authors (230 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission
Publication date :
01 June 2013
Publisher :
ESA
Commentary :
Submitted in response to the call for White Papers for the definition of the L2 and L3 missions in the ESA Science program. More information: http://www.the-athena-x-ray-observatory.eu/. 19 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
eprintid: arXiv:1306.2307
Available on ORBi :
since 19 August 2013

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