Meunier PJ, Courpron P, Edouard C, Bernard J, Bringuier J, Vignon G. Physiological senile involution and pathological rarefaction of bone: quantitative and comparative histological data. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973;2:239-56.
Christiansen C, Lindsay R. Estrogens, bone loss and preservation. Osteoporos Int 1991;1:714.
Reginster J-Y, Denis D, Albert A, Deroisy R, Lecart MP, Fontaine MA, Lambelin P, Franchimont P. One-year controlled randomised trial of prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss with intranasal calcitonin. Lancet 1987;II:1418-3.
Reginster J-Y, Juspin I, Deroisy R, Biquet I, Franchimont N, Franchimont P. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by rectal calcitonin. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56:539-42.
Reginster J-Y, Lecart MP, Deroisy R, Sarlet N, Denis D, Albert A, et al. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by tiludronate. Lancet 1989;II:1469-71.
Hosking DJ, McClung MR, Ravn P, Wasnick RD, Daley MS, Thompson DE, Yates AJ. Alendronate in the prevention of osteoporosis: EPIC study two-year results. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11(Suppl 1):133.
Mortensen L, Bekker P, Ouweland FVD, Horowitz Z, Rupich R, Di Gennaro J, et al. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss by risedronate: a two-year study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(Suppl 1):140.
Reginster JY. Harmonization of clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Europe: a difficult challenge. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59(Suppl 1):24-9.
Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Lecart MP, Zegels B, Denis D, Sarlet N, et al. Prévention de l'ostéoporose àLiège: le PIGEPS dix ans plus tard. Santé Publique 1996;2:139-50.
Jensen GF, Christiansen C, Transbol I. Fracture frequency and bone preservation in postmenopausal women treated with estrogen. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:493-6.
Overgaard K, Hansen MA, Jensen SB, Christiansen C. Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on bone mass and fracture rates in established osteoporosis: a dose-response study. BMJ 1992; 305:556-61.
Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK, Wasnich RD, Miller PD, Jackson RD, et al. Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990;323:73-9.
Liberman U, Weiss SR, Broil J, et al. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence in fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1437-43.
Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fracture. Lancet 1996;348:1535-41.
Beresford SA, et al. Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of oestrogen combined with cyclic progestagen therapy in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1997;349:458-61.
Bergkvist L, Adami HO, Persson I, Hoover R, Schairer C. The risk of breast cancer after estrogen-progestin replacement. N Engl J Med 1989;321:293-7.
Maconi G, Porro GB. Multiple ulcerative esophagitis caused by alendronate. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:1889-90.
Axelrod DW, Teitelbaum SL. Results of long-term cyclical etidronate therapy: Bone histomorphometry and clinical correlates. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9(Suppl 1):136.
Reginster J-Y. Calcitonin for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 1993;95:44-7.
Reginster J-Y. Oral tiludronate: pharmacological properties and potential usefulness in Paget's disease of bone and osteoporosis. Bone 1992;13:351-4.
Zegels B, Balena R, Eastell R, Russel RGG, Pack SE, Reginster J-Y. Effect of risedronate on collagen cross links in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(Suppl 1):455.
Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, Chao EYS, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, et al. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990;322:802-9.
Reginster JY, Zegels B, Meurmans L, Rovati LC, Taquet AN, Setnikar Y, Collette J. Monofluorophosphate decreases vertebral fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study. Osteoporos Int 1996; 6(Suppl 1):239.
Reginster J-Y. Calcitonine et vieillissement osseux. Pathologie et Biologie 1987;45:52-6.
Reeve J. PTH: a future role in the management of osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:440-5.
Kronenberg HM, Bringhurst FR, Segre GV, Potts JT. Parathyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. In: Bilezikian JP, Marcus R, Levine MA, editors. The parathyroids: basic and clinical concepts. New York: Raven Press, 1994:125-37.
Brown EM. Homeostatic mechanisms regulating extracellular and intracellular calcium metabolism. In: Bilezikian JP, Marcus R, Levine MA, editors. The parathyroids: basic and clinical concepts. New York: Raven Press, 1994:15-54.
Aurbach GD, Marx SJ, Spiegel AM. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and the calciferols. In: Wilson J, Foster DW, editors. Textbook of endocrinology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1985:1137-217.
Nijweide PJ, Burger EH, Feyen JHM. Cells of bone: proliferation, differentiation and hormonal regulation. Physiol Rev 1986; 66:855-86.
Chambers TJ, Hall IJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the regulation and function of osteoclasts. Vit Hormones 1991;46:86.
Raisz LG, Kream BE. Regulation of bone formation. N Engl J Med 1983;309:35-9.
Pfeilschifter J, Siegrist E, Wuster C, Blind E, Ziegler R. Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphates correlate with cortical and trabecular bone loss in primary hyperparathyroïdism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1992;127:319-23.
Jowsey J. Indirect measurement of bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1965;25:1408-16.
Selye H. On the stimulation of new bone formation with parathyroid extract and irradiated ergosterol. Endocrinology 1932;16:547-88.
Bauer E, Aub J, Albright F. Studies of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. J Exp Med 1929;49:145-62.
Canalis E, Hock JM, Raisz LG. Anabolic and catabolic effects of parathyroid hormone on bone and interactions within growth factors. In: Bilezikian JP, Marcus R, Levine MA, editors. The parathyroids: basic and clinical concepts. New York: Raven Press, 1994.
Canalis E, Centrella M, Burch W, McCarthy TL. Insulin-like growth factor I mediates selective anabolic effects of parathyroid hormone in bone cultures. J Clin Invest 1989;83:60-5.
McCarthy TL, Centrella M, Canalis E. Parathyroid hormone enhances the transcript and polypeptide levels of insulin-like growth factor I in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone. Endocrinology 1989;124:1247-53.
Mori S, Jee WSS, Li XJ. Production of new trabecular bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats by prostaglandin E2. Calcif Tissue Int 1992;50:80-7.
Centrella M, McCarthy TL, Canalis E. Parathyroid hormone modulates transforming growth factor β activity and binding in osteoblast-enriched cell cultures from fetal rat parietal bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:5889-93.
Van Leeuw JPTM, Bos MP, Herrmann-Erlee MPM. Parathyroid hormone-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in fetal rat osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 1989;4:485-92.
Nishida S, Yamaguchi A, Tanizawa T, Endo N, Mashiba T, Uchiyama Y, Suda T, Yoshiki S, Takashi HE. Increased bone formation by intermittent parathyroid hormone administration is due to the stimulation of proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow. Bone 1994;15:717-23.
Isogai Y, Akatsu T, Ikshizuya T, Yamaguchi A, Hori M, Takahashi N, Suda T. Parathyroid hormone regulates osteoblast differentiation positively or negatively depending on the differentiation stages. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1384-93.
Mosekilde L, Sogard CH, Danielsen CC, Torring O. The anabolic effects of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) on rat vertebral body mass are also reflected in the quality of bone, assessed by biomechanical testing: a comparison study between hPTH 1-34 and hPTH 1-84. Endocrinology 1991;129:421-8.
Kimmel DB, Bozzato RP, Kronis KA, Coble T, Sindrey D, Kwong P, Recker RR. The effect of recombinant human (1-84) or synthetic human (1-34) parathyroid hormone on the skeleton of adult osteopenic ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 1993; 132:1577-84.
Hock JM, Gera I. Effects of continuous and intermittent administration and inhibition of the anabolic response of bone to parathyroid hormone. J Bone Miner Res 1992;7:65-72.
Hefti E, Trechsel U, Bonjour JP, Fleisch H, Schenk R. Increase of whole body calcium and skeletal mass in normal and osteoporotic adult rats treated with parathyroid hormone. Clin Sci 1982; 62:389-96.
Onyia JE, Bidwell J, Herring J, Hulman J, Hock M. In vivo, human parathyroid hormone fragment (hPTH 1-34) transiently stimulates immediate early response gene expression, but not proliferation, in trabecular bone cells of young rats. Bone 1995;17:479-84.
Walker D. The induction of osteopetrotic changes in hypophysectomized thyroparathyroidectomized and intact rats of various ages. Endocrinology 1971;89:1389-406.
Hock JM, Wood R. Bone response to parathyroid hormone in aged rats. Cells Materials 1991;Suppl 1:53-8.
Hefti E, Trechsel U, Bonjour JP, Fleisch H, Schenk R. Increase of whole body calcium and skeletal mass in normal and osteoporotic adult rats treated with parathyroid hormone. Clin Sci 1982;62:389-96.
Kalu DN, Echon R, Hollis BV. Modulation of ovariectomy-related bone loss by parathyroid hormone in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1990;56:49-62.
Hock JM, Géra I, Fonseca J, Raisz LG. Human parathyroid hormone (1-34) increases bone mass in ovariectomized and orchidectomized rats. Endocrinology 1988;122:2899-904.
Mosekilde L, Sogaard CH, McOsker JE, Wronski TJ. PTH has a more pronounced effect on vertebral bone mass and biomechanical competence than antiresorptive agents (estrogen and bisphosphonate) - assessed in sexually mature, ovariectomized rats. Bone 1994;15:401-8.
Mosekilde L, Danielsen CC, Gasser JA. The effect on vertebral bone mass and strength of long term treatment with antiresorptive agents (estrogen and calcitonin), human parathyroid hormone (1-38), and combination therapy, assessed in aged ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 1994;135:2126-34.
Sogaard CH, Wronski TJ, McOsker JE, Mosekilde L. The positive effect of parathyroid hormone on femoral neck bone strength in ovariectomized rats is more pronounced than that of estrogen or bisphosphonates. Endocrinology 1994;134:650-7.
Mosekilde L, Danielsen CC, Sogaard CHS, McOsker JE, Wronski TJ. The anabolic effects of parathyroid hormone on cortical bone mass, dimensions and strength - assessed ina sexually mature, ovariectomized rat model. Bone 1995;16:223-30.
Lane NE, Thompson JM, Strewler GJ, Kinney JH. Intermittent treatment with human parathyroid hormone (hPTH [1-34]) increased trabecular bone volume but not connectivity in osteoporotic rats. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1470-7.
Shen V, Dempster DW, Birchman R, Xu R, Lindsay R. Loss of cancellous bone mass and connectivity in ovariectomized rats can be restored by combined treatment with parathyroid hormone and estradiol. J Clin Invest 1993;91:2479-87.
Shen V, Birchman R, Xu R, Otter M, Wu DD, Lindsay R, Dempster DW. Effects of reciprocal treatment with estrogen and estrogen plus parathyroid hormone on bone structure and strength in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest 1995;96:2331-8.
Mitlak BH, Burdette-Miller P, Schoenfeld D, Neer RM. Sequential effects of chronic human PTH (1-84) treatment of estrogen-deficiency osteopenia in the rat. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:430-9.
Inoue J. Bone changes with long term administration of low dose 1-34 human PTH on adult beagles. Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 1985;59:409-27.
High WB, Black HE, Capan CC. Histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of low dose parathyroid hormone administration on cortical bone remodeling in adult dogs. Lab Invest 1981;44:449-54.
Boyce RW, Paddock CL, Franks AF, Jankowsky ML, Eriksen EF. Effects of intermittent hPTH (1-34) alone and in combination with 1,25(OH)2 D3 or risedronate on endosteal bone remodeling in canine cancellous and cortical bone. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:600-13.
Podbesek R, Edouard C, Meunier PJ, Parsons JA, Reeeve J, Stevenson RW, Zanelli JM. Effects of two treatment regimens with synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragments on bone formation and the tissue balance of trabecular bone in greyhounds. Endocrinology 1983;112:1000-6.
Weir EC, Terwilliger G, Sartori L, Insogna KL. Synthetic parathyroid hormone-like protein (1-74) is anabolic for bone in vivo. Calcif Tissue Int 1992;51:30-4.
Usdin TB, Gruber C, Bonner TJ. Identification and functional expression of a receptor selectively recognizing parathyroid hormone, the PTH2 receptor. J Biol Chem 1995;270:15455-8.
Riggs BL. Formation-stimulating regimens other than sodium fluoride. Am J Med 1993;95:62-8.
Slovik DM, Neer RM, Potts JT. Short-term effects of synthetic human parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration on bone mineral metabolism in osteoporotic patients. J Clin Invest 1981;68:1261-71.
Hesp R, Hulme P, Williams D, Reeve J. The relationship between changes in femoral density and calcium balance in patients with involutional osteoporosis treated with human parathyroid hormone fragment (hPTH 1-34). Metab Bone Dis Rel Res 1981;2:331-4.
Reeve J, Bradbeer JN, Arlot M, Davies UM, Green JR, Hampton L et al. hPTH 1-34 treatment of osteoporosis with added hormone replacement therapy: biochemical, kinetic and histological responses. Osteoporos Int 1991;1:162-70.
Neer M, Slovik DM, Daly M, Potts T, Nussbaum SR. Treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis with daily parathyroid hormone plus calcitriol. Osteoporos Int 1993;1:204-5.
Slovik DM, Rosenthal DI, Doppelt SH, Potts JT, Daly MA, Campbell JA, Neer RM. Restoration of spinal bone in osteoporotic men by treatment with human parathyroid hormone (1-34) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. J Bone Miner Res 1986;1:377-81.
Hesch RD, Busch U, Prokop M, Delling G, Rittinghaus EF. Increase of vertebral density by combination therapy with pulsatile 1-3ShPTH and sequential addition of calcitonin nasal spray in osteoporotic patients. Calcif Tissue Int 1989;44:176-80.
Finkelstein JS, Klibanski A, Schaefer EH, Hornstein MD, Schiff I, Neer RM. Parathyroid hormone for the prevention of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1618-23.
Reginster JY, Compston JE, Jones EA, Kaufman JM, Audran M, Bouvenot G, et al. Recommendations for the registration of new chemical entities used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57:247-50.