Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications; Fatty Liver/blood/complications/pathology/therapy; Female; Hepatitis/blood/complications/therapy; Humans; Hyperinsulinism/blood; Hypertriglyceridemia/blood; Insulin Resistance; Liver/pathology; Male; Obesity/blood/complications; Sex Factors; Weight Loss
Abstract :
[en] Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease of emerging identity and importance, and is now considered as one of the commonest liver diseases in western countries. It is frequently associated with severe obesity, especially abdominal adiposity, and is intimately related to various clinical and biological markers of the insulin resistance syndrome. Especially, both the prevalence and the severity of liver steatosis are related to male sex, body mass index, waist circumference, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. A substantial weight loss following gastroplasty is accompanied by a marked reduction in the prevalence and the severity of the various biological abnormalities of the metabolic syndrome and, concomitantly, by an important regression of liver steatosis in most obese patients. However, in some patients, this rapid and drastic weight loss may result in a mild increase in inflammatory lesions (hepatitis), despite the regression of steatosis, which might result from the rapid mobilization of fatty acids or cytokines from adipose tissue, especially visceral fat. The intimate relationship between NASH and obesity leads to the concept that NASH may be considered as another disease of affluence, as is the insulin resistance syndrome and perhaps being part of it.
Disciplines :
Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition
Author, co-author :
Luyckx, Françoise ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Chimie médicale
Lefebvre, Pierre ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Diabétologie,nutrition, maladies métaboliques
Scheen, André ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Diabétologie, nutrition et maladie métaboliques - Médecine interne générale
Language :
English
Title :
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: association with obesity and insulin resistance, and influence of weight loss.
Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Ott B. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980, 55, 434-438.
Sheth SG, Gordon FD, Chopra S. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Ann Intern Med, 1997, 126, 137-145.
Ludwig J. McGill DB, Lindor KD. Review: Non alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1997, 12, 398-403.
James OFW, Day CP. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a disease of emerging identity and importance. J Hepatol, 1998, 29, 495-501.
James O, Day C. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: another disease of affluence. Lancet, 1999, 353, 1634-1636.
Day CP, James UFW. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two "hits"? Gastroenterology. 1998, 114, 842-845.
Telli MR, James OFW, Burt AD, Bennett MK, Day CP. The natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study. Hepatology, 1995, 22, 1714-1719.
George DK, Goldwurm S, MacDonald GA et al. Increased hepatic iron concentration in nonalcoholic steatothepatitis is associated with increased fibrosis. Gastroenterology, 1998, 114, 311-318.
Hotamisligil GH, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis α. A key component of the obesity-diabetes link. Diabetes, 1994, 43, 1271-1278.
Alder M, Schaffner F. Fatty liver hepatitis and cirrhosis in obese patients. Am J Med, 1979, 67, 811-816.
Manes JL, Taylor HB, Starkloft GB. Relationship between hepatic morphology and clinical and biochemical findings in morbidly obese patients. J Clin Pathol, 1973, 26, 776-783.
Andersen T, Gluud C. Liver morphology in morbid obesity: a literature survey. Int J Obesity, 1984, 8, 97-106.
Klain J, Fraser D, Goldstein J et al. Liver histology abnormalities in the morbidly obese. Hepatology, 1989, 10, 873-876.
Andersen T, Christoffersen P, Gluud C. The liver in consecutive patients with morbid obesity: a clinical, morphological, and biochemical study. Int J Obesity, 1984, 8, 107-115.
Wanless IR, Lentz JS. Fatty liver steatosis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology, 1990, 12, 1106-1110.
Luyckx FH, Desaive C, Thiry A et al. Liver abnormalities in severely obese subjects: effects of drastic weight loss after gastroplasty. Int J Obesity, 1998, 22, 222-226.
Galambos JT, Wills CE. Relationship between 505 paired liver tests and biopsies in 242 obese patients. Gastroenterology, 1978, 74, 1191-1195.
Scheen AJ, Paquot N, Letiexhe M, Paolisso G, Castillo MJ, Lefèbvre PJ. Glucose metabolism in obesity: lessons from OGTT, IVGTT, and clamp studies. Int J Obesity, 1995, 19, Suppl 3, S14-S20.
Kissebah AH, Krakower GR. Regional adiposity and morbidity. Physiol Rev, 1994, 7, 761-811.
Boden G. Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes, 1997, 45, 3-10.
Howard BV. Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Am J Cardiol, 1999, 84 (Suppl 1A), 28J-32J.
Scheen AJ, Lefèbvre PJ. Management of the obese diabetic patient. Diabetes Rev, 1999, 7, 77-93.
Creutzfeldt W, Frerichs H, Sickinger K. Liver diseases and diabetes mellitus. Prog Liver Dis, 1970, 3, 371-407.
Stone BG, Van Thiel DH. Diabetes mellitus and the liver. Semin Liver Dis, 1985, 5, 8-28.
Zimmerman HJ, MacMurray FG, Rappaport H, Alpert IK. Studies of the liver in diabetes mellitus. II. The significance of fatty metamorphosis and its correlation with insulin insensitivity. J Lab Clin Med, 1950, 36, 922-927.
Nagore N, Scheuer PJ. The pathology of diabetic hepatitis. J Pathol, 1998, 156, 155-160.
Silverman JF, O'Brien KF, Long S et al. Liver pathology in morbidly obese patients with and without diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol, 1990, 85, 1349-1355.
Matteoni CA, Younossi ZM, Gramlich T, Boparai N, Liu YC, McCullough AJ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology, 1999, 116, 1413-1419.
Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes, 1988, 37, 1595-607.
Oehler G, Bleyl H, Matthes KJ, Hyperinsulinemia in hepatic steatosis. Int J Obesity, 1982, 6 (Suppl 1), 137-144.
Marceau P, Biron S, Hould FS, et al. Liver pathology and the metabolic syndrome X in severe obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1999, 84, 1513-1517.
Knobler H, Schattner A, Zhomicki T, et al. Fatty liver - an additional and treatable feature of the insulin resistance syndrome. Q J Med, 1999, 92, 73-79.
Luyckx FH, Scheen AJ, Desaive C, Dewé W, Gielen JE, Lefèbvre PJ. Effects of gastroplasty on body weight and related biological abnormalities in morbid obesity. Diabetes Metab, 1998, 24, 355-361.
Capron JP, Delamarre J, Dupas JL. Braillon A, Degott C, Quenum C. Fasting in obesity: another cause of liver injury with alcoholic hyaline? Dig Dis Sci, 1982, 27, 265-268.
Andersen T, Gluud C, Franzmann MB, Christoffersen P. Hepatic effects of dietary weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. J Hepatology, 1991, 12, 224-229.
Eriksson S, Eriksson KF, Bondesson L. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity: a reversible condition. Acta Med Scand, 1986, 220, 83-88.
Keeffe EB, Adesman PW, Stenzel P, Palmer RM. Steatosis and cirrhosis in an obese diabetic. Resolution of fatty liver by fasting. Dig Dis Sci, 1987, 32, 441-445.
Drenick EJ, Simmons F, Murphy JF. Effect on hepatic morphology of treatment of obesity by fasting, reducing diets and small-bowel bypass. N Engl J Med, 1970, 282, 829-834.
Brown RG, O'Leary JP, Woodyard ER. Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Am J Surg, 1974, 127, 53-58.
Ames FC, Copeland EM, Leeb DC, Moore DL, Dudrick SJ. Liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity. JAMA, 1976, 235, 1249-1252.
McFarland RJ, Gazet JC, Pilkington TR. A 13-year review of jejunoileal bypass. Br J Surg, 1985, 72, 81-87.
Peters RL. Patterns of hepatic morphology in jejunoileal bypass patients. Am J Clin Nutr, 1977, 30, 53-57.
Vyberg M, Ravn V, Andersen B. Pattern of progression in liver injury following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Liver, 1987, 7, 271-276.
Berkovitz D. Metabolic changes associated with obesity before and after weight reduction. JAMA, 1964, 187, 399-403.
Rozental P, Biava C, Spencer H, Zimmerman HJ. Liver morphology and function tests in obesity and during total starvation. Am J Dig Dis, 1967, 12, 198-207.
Palmer M, Schaffner F. Effect of weight reduction on hepatic abnormalities in overweight patients. Gastroenterology, 1990, 99, 1408-1411.
Halverson JD, Zuckerman GR, Koehler RE, et al. Gastric bypass for morbid obesity: A medical-surgical assessment. Ann Surg, 1981, 194, 152-160.
Ranlov I, Hardt F. Regression of liver steatosis following gastroplasty or gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Digestion, 1990, 47, 208-214.
Silverman EM, Sapala JA, Appelman HD. Regression of hepatic stealosis in morbidly obese persons after gastric bypass. Am J Clin Pathol, 1995, 104, 23-31.
Letiexhe MR, Scheen AJ, Gérard PL, Desaive C, Lefèbvre PJ. Post-gastroplasty recovery of ideal body weight normalizes glucose and insulin metabolism in obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1995, 89, 393-399.
Scheen AJ. Aggressive weight reduction treatment in the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab, 1998, 24, 116-123.
Luyckx FH, Scheen AJ, Desaive C, Thiry A, Lefèbvre PJ. Parallel reversibility of biological markers of the metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis after gastroplasty-induced weight loss in severe obesity (Letter). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1999, 84, 4293.
