Article (Scientific journals)
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in infants : Report of five cases
Gkogkou, Efthymia; BROUX, Isabelle; KEMPENEERS, Céline et al.
2020In Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 31, p. 101121
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Keywords :
Anemia; BAL; Bronchoscopy; Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; Golde score; Hemoptysis
Abstract :
[en] Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare life-threatening condition in children. In this entity, the bleeding originates from the pulmonary microvasculature as a result of microvascular damage leading to blood leakage into the alveolar spaces. DAH can occur as an isolated medical entity or may be associated with other organ system injury or dysfunction. The classic triad of symptoms includes hemoptysis, anemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Hemoptysis is the usual presenting symptom but is not constant. A variety of diseases is associated with the development of DAH. Current classification organize the etiologies of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage based on the presence of severe immune disorders (such as systemic vasculitis and collagenosis) or non-immunodeficiency disorders (with an identified cardiac or non-cardiac origin, or idiopathic). The five cases of DAH presented in this study were all diagnosed in full-term infants, four males and one female, with normal neonatal adaptation and without family history of notable diseases. In all cases the diagnosis was made between the age of three and eighteen weeks-old. Moreover, all five patients, at the time of diagnosis, presented with hemoptysis, mild or severe dyspnea, anemia and abnormal chest X-rays. Consequently, the diagnosis of DAH was strongly suspected and, eventually, confirmed by bronchoscopy. Additional laboratory tests, as well as selected serologic and radiographic studies were performed in order to identify a specific etiology. The final diagnoses reflect a variety of causes: infections, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, accidental suffocation and Heiner syndrome. Treatment included oral corticosteroids except from one patient that received antimicrobial therapy.
Disciplines :
Pediatrics
Cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Author, co-author :
Gkogkou, Efthymia ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Master spéc. pédia.
BROUX, Isabelle 
KEMPENEERS, Céline  ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Département de Pédiatrie > Service de pédiatrie
BOBOLI, Hedwige ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Département de Pédiatrie > Service de pédiatrie
VIELLEVOYE, Renaud ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Département de Pédiatrie > Service néonatologie (CHR)
JANSSEN, Aurélie ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Département de Pédiatrie > Service de pédiatrie
SEGHAYE, Marie-Christine ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Département de Pédiatrie > Service de pédiatrie
Mastouri, Mériem ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Département des sciences cliniques
Language :
English
Title :
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in infants : Report of five cases
Publication date :
2020
Journal title :
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
eISSN :
2213-0071
Publisher :
Elsevier, Netherlands
Volume :
31
Pages :
101121
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 05 February 2021

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