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[more ▼]Waves in electron-positron plasmas have fundamentally different dispersion characteristics due to the equal charge-to-mass ratios between negative and positive charges, which mix different timescales, and are of interest in understanding aspects of pulsars and active galactic nuclei, where astrophysical electron-positron plasmas occur. Earlier systematic nonlinear treatments of parallel propagating electromagnetic waves via a reductive perturbation analysis had indicated unusual results, namely a vector equivalent of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. The latter is nonintegrable except in the case of linear polarization when it becomes equivalent to the scalar (integrable) modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Here large amplitude purely stationary nonlinear solitary waves are studied in their own reference frame via the McKenzie approach. The behavior of the wave magnetic field can be expressed through an energy integral that involves the Mach number of the structure. Possible solitons are super-Alfvenic and occur symmetrically for positive or negative fields, owing to the obvious symmetry between positive and negative charges with the same mass. The limits on the allowable Mach numbers and soliton amplitudes have also been computed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (1 ULiège) Large amplitude solitary waves in space plasmasCattaert, Tom Doctoral thesis (2006)Detailed reference viewed: 27 (5 ULiège) A Large and Consistent Phylogenomic Dataset Supports Sponges as the Sister Group to All Other Animals.Simion, Paul; Philippe, Herve; Baurain, Denis et alin Current Biology (2017)Resolving the early diversification of animal lineages has proven difficult, even using genome-scale datasets. Several phylogenomic studies have supported the classical scenario in which sponges (Porifera ... [more ▼]Resolving the early diversification of animal lineages has proven difficult, even using genome-scale datasets. Several phylogenomic studies have supported the classical scenario in which sponges (Porifera) are the sister group to all other animals ("Porifera-sister" hypothesis), consistent with a single origin of the gut, nerve cells, and muscle cells in the stem lineage of eumetazoans (bilaterians + ctenophores + cnidarians). In contrast, several other studies have recovered an alternative topology in which ctenophores are the sister group to all other animals (including sponges). The "Ctenophora-sister" hypothesis implies that eumetazoan-specific traits, such as neurons and muscle cells, either evolved once along the metazoan stem lineage and were then lost in sponges and placozoans or evolved at least twice independently in Ctenophora and in Cnidaria + Bilateria. Here, we report on our reconstruction of deep metazoan relationships using a 1,719-gene dataset with dense taxonomic sampling of non-bilaterian animals that was assembled using a semi-automated procedure, designed to reduce known error sources. Our dataset outperforms previous metazoan gene superalignments in terms of data quality and quantity. Analyses with a best-fitting site-heterogeneous evolutionary model provide strong statistical support for placing sponges as the sister-group to all other metazoans, with ctenophores emerging as the second-earliest branching animal lineage. Only those methodological settings that exacerbated long-branch attraction artifacts yielded Ctenophora-sister. These results show that methodological issues must be carefully addressed to tackle difficult phylogenetic questions and pave the road to a better understanding of how fundamental features of animal body plans have emerged. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 70 (7 ULiège) The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer & Adaptive Optics System: On-sky Performance and ResultsBailey, Vanessa; Hinz, Philip; Vaitheeswaran, Vidhya et alin Exploring the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (2014, January 01)Increasing spatial resolution and contrast capabilities will make possible new direct detections of exoplanets, exozodis, and circumstellar disks. The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) has ... [more ▼]Increasing spatial resolution and contrast capabilities will make possible new direct detections of exoplanets, exozodis, and circumstellar disks. The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) has been engineered to sit at the combined focus of the Large Binocular Telescope's two 8.4m apertures. Both apertures are equipped with 672-actuator deformable secondary mirrors, the first of the next generation of extreme'' adaptive optics (AO) systems. We present an overview of the LBTI AO instrument suite and detail current on-sky performance. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 ULiège) Large binocular telescope interferometer adaptive optics: on-sky performance and lessons learnedBailey, Vanessa P.; Hinz, Philip M.; Puglisi, Alfio T. et alin Adaptive Optics Systems IV (2014, July 01)The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer is a high contrast imager and interferometer that sits at the combined bent Gregorian focus of the LBT's dual 8.4 m apertures. The interferometric science ... [more ▼]The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer is a high contrast imager and interferometer that sits at the combined bent Gregorian focus of the LBT's dual 8.4 m apertures. The interferometric science drivers dictate 0.1" resolution with 10[SUP]3[/SUP] - 10[SUP]4[/SUP] contrast at 10 μm, while the 4 μm imaging science drivers require even greater contrasts, but at scales <0.2". In imaging mode, LBTI's Adaptive Optics system is already delivering 4 μm contrast of 10[SUP]4[/SUP] - 10[SUP]5[/SUP] at 0.3" - 0.75" in good conditions. Even in poor seeing, it can deliver up to 90% Strehl Ratio at this wavelength. However, the performance could be further improved by mitigating Non-Common Path Aberrations. Any NCPA remedy must be feasible using only the current hardware: the science camera, the wavefront sensor, and the adaptive secondary mirror. In preliminary testing, we have implemented an "eye doctor" grid search approach for astigmatism and trefoil, achieving 5% improvement in Strehl Ratio at 4 μm, with future plans to test at shorter wavelengths and with more modes. We find evidence of NCPA variability on short timescales and discuss possible upgrades to ameliorate time-variable effects. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (2 ULiège) Large Binocular Telescope Observations of Europa Occulting Io's Volcanoes at 4.8 $\mu$mSkrutskie, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Resnick, A. et alConference (2015)On 8 March 2015 Europa passed nearly centrally in front of Io. The Large Binocular Telescope observed this event in dual-aperture AO-corrected Fizeau interferometric imaging mode using the mid-infrared ... [more ▼]On 8 March 2015 Europa passed nearly centrally in front of Io. The Large Binocular Telescope observed this event in dual-aperture AO-corrected Fizeau interferometric imaging mode using the mid-infrared imager LMIRcam operating behind the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) at a broadband wavelength of 4.8 μm (M-band). Occultation light curves generated from frames recorded every 123 milliseconds show that both Loki and Pele/Pillan were well resolved. Europa's center shifted by 2 kilometers relative to Io from frame-to-frame. The derived light curve for Loki is consistent with the double-lobed structure reported by Conrad et al. (2015) using direct interferometric imaging with LBTI. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (1 ULiège) Large carrion beetles (Coleoptera, Silphidae) in Western Europe: a reviewDekeirsschieter, Jessica ; Verheggen, François ; Lognay, Georges et alin Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2011), 15(3), 425-437This review focuses on carrion beetles (Coleoptera, Silphidae) of the Western Palearctic and their potential use in forensic entomology as bioindicators. Few studies have looked at Silphidae in forensic ... [more ▼]This review focuses on carrion beetles (Coleoptera, Silphidae) of the Western Palearctic and their potential use in forensic entomology as bioindicators. Few studies have looked at Silphidae in forensic context and investigations. However, some Silphidae present the desirable characteristics of some Diptera used in postmortem estimates and thus may extend the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). We review here the taxonomy and distribution of Western Palearctic Silphidae. The anatomical and morphological characteristics of both subfamilies are described for adults and larvae. The biology and ecology of silphids are also summarized for Silphinae and Nicrophorinae. A specific chapter gives an overview of the current uses of Silphidae in forensic entomology as postmortem indicator. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 481 (25 ULiège) Large Changes In The Crac Segment Of Gp41 Of Hiv Do Not Destroy Fusion Activity If The Segment Interacts With CholesterolVishwanathan, Sa.; Thomas, Annick ; Brasseur, Robert et alin Biochemistry (2008), 47(45), The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the gp41 fusion protein of HIV is highly conserved among isolates of this virus and is considered a target for vaccine development. This region also appears ... [more ▼]The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the gp41 fusion protein of HIV is highly conserved among isolates of this virus and is considered a target for vaccine development. This region also appears to play a role in membrane fusion as well as localization of the virus to cholesterol-rich domains in membranes. The carboxyl terminus of MPER has the sequence LWYIK and appears to have an important role in cholesterol interactions. We have tested how amino acid substitutions that would affect the conformational flexibility of this segment could alter its interaction with cholesterol. We studied a family of peptides (all peptides as N-acetyl-peptide amides) with P, G, or A substituting for W and I of the LWYIK sequence. The peptide having the greatest effect on cholesterol distribution in membranes was the most flexible one, LGYGK. The corresponding mutation in gp41 resulted in a protein retaining 72% of the fusion activity of the wild-type protein. Two other peptides were synthesized, also containing two Gly residues, GWGIK and LWGIG, and did not have the ability to sequester cholesterol as efficiently as LGYGK did. Making the corresponding mutants of gp41 showed that these other two double Gly substitutions resulted in proteins that were much less fusogenic, although they were equally well expressed at the cell surface. The study demonstrates that drastic changes can be made in the LWYIK segment with the retention of a significant fraction of the fusogenic activity, as long as the mutant proteins interact with cholesterol. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULiège) Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr agoEl Albani, Abder; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald et alin Nature (2010), 466Detailed reference viewed: 90 (22 ULiège) Large current enhancement in n-MOSFETs with strained Si on insulatorMantl, S.; Buca, D.; Zhao, Q. et alin International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium, 2007 (2007)As scaling of the critical transistor dimensions below 65 nm has been slowed down, the implementation of novel materials, especially high mobility channel materials is most attractive to boost the ... [more ▼]As scaling of the critical transistor dimensions below 65 nm has been slowed down, the implementation of novel materials, especially high mobility channel materials is most attractive to boost the transistor performance. Applying strain to silicon has become a successful route. The electron mobility can be enhanced by biaxial strain introduced into Si by epitaxial growth of Si on a strain relaxed SiGe layer or by so called process induced methods applied directly on transistor level. The combination of strained Si and SOI is particularly promising due to the combination of the enhanced mobilities and the inherent advantages of SOI. First long channel n-MOSFETs with gate lengths of 5 to 50 mum and a 6.6 nm thick SiO2 gate dielectric were fabricated. For comparison, devices on unstrained SOI were made. The transfer characteristics of a fully depleted sSOI-MOSFET with a gate length of 5 mum and a gate width of 20 mum indicating an inverse sub-threshold slope of 75mV/dec. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (1 ULiège) Large deformation FEMLIP drained analysis of a vertical cutCuomo, Sabatino; Prime, Noémie ; Iannone, Anna et alin Acta Geotecnica (2012)Detailed reference viewed: 33 (1 ULiège) Large deployable telescopes—also for lm-wavelengths?Baier, Horst; Datashvili, Leri; Endler, Stephan et alin CEAS Space Journal (2013), 5(3-4), 117-124New demands for space and earth observations drive the need for large apertures of 10 m and higher in telescopes. This requires new types of alternative lightweight and deployable primary reflector or ... [more ▼]New demands for space and earth observations drive the need for large apertures of 10 m and higher in telescopes. This requires new types of alternative lightweight and deployable primary reflector or lens concepts with aerial densities of\3 kg/m2. Some syntheses between optical and especially mechanical and material aspects for large planar photon sieves and non-imaging telescopes are discussed. Focus is put on large planar and highly perforated membranes for photon sieves and shell-membrane type deployable (parabolic) reflectors, respectively. The reflecting surface of the latter is composed of specific C-fiber reinforces silicone (CFRS) material. In addition to possible shape control, emphasis is also given to reflective coating of CFRS. Engineering challenges requiring future activities are identified. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 ULiège) Large deviation spectra based on wavelet leadersBastin, Françoise ; Esser, Céline ; Jaffard, Stéphane in Revista Matemática Iberoamericana (2016), 32(3), 859-890We introduce a new multifractal formalism, based on distributions of wavelet leaders, which allows to detect non-concave and decreasing multifractal spectra, and we investigate the properties of the ... [more ▼]We introduce a new multifractal formalism, based on distributions of wavelet leaders, which allows to detect non-concave and decreasing multifractal spectra, and we investigate the properties of the associated function spaces. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 159 (27 ULiège) Large displacement formulations for elastic bodiesFraeijs de Veubeke, Baudouin Report (1969)Detailed reference viewed: 23 (3 ULiège) Large Dynamic Range Co-Phasing System Development for Segmented Telescope MirrorsSimar, Juan Felipe Poster (2011, December 02)Detailed reference viewed: 72 (25 ULiège) Large earthquakes Cycles in Lake Sediments along the North Anatolian Fault, TurkeyBoës, X.; Moran, S. B.; King, J. et alin Journal of Paleolimnology (2009), (10.1007/s10933-009-9376-x), In 1999, the large surface-rupturing earth- quakes of Izmit and Duzce completed a 60-year cycle that included a westward migration of nine consecutive large earthquake failures ([50 km surface rupture ... [more ▼]In 1999, the large surface-rupturing earth- quakes of Izmit and Duzce completed a 60-year cycle that included a westward migration of nine consecutive large earthquake failures ([50 km surface rupture), which started with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake in eastern Turkey. In this study, we focused on seismic cycles and seismic risk predictability along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). Toward the west end of the NAF (26°E–32°E, i.e. Bolu), large earthquake fre- quency is measured from either historic earthquake catalogs, or geologic records from isolated outcrops and marine sediment cores from the Marmara Sea. In comparison, the eastern part of the NAF zone (32°E– 42°E) is less well documented by palaeo-seismologic archives. Thus, the sediment records of lake basins located on the eastern NAF zone constitute a unique opportunity for testing a new palaeo-seismologic approach. To this end, we used a diverse array of complementary methods involving: (1) a 600-km transect of fault-related lakes, (2) sedimentologic observations on cores from six lakes, and (3) a comparison between records of catastrophic sediment transfers in lakes (i.e. radionuclide chronomarkers and erosion tracers) and historic earthquake reports. Our study indicates that lakes along the NAF are sensitive geologic recorders of large surface-rupturing earth- quakes (surface-wave magnitude (Ms) C 6.9); smaller intensities are not recorded. The most responsive lake systems exhibit increases in sediment accumulation by a factor of [40 for a [3-m strike-slip displacement (Ms C 7). However, based on results from the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (Ms = 7.8) chronostratigraphic marker, large surface-rupturing earthquakes are detected only by certain lake records and not by others. Matching multiple lake records along the NAF pro- vides information both on the location of a surface rupture of a paleo-earthquake as well as its magnitude. Finally, the shallow lake basins along the NAF could potentially document cycles of large seismic events for at least the late Holocene. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 58 (7 ULiège) Large elasto-optic effect and reversible electrochromism in multiferroic BiFeO3Sando, D.; Yang, Yurong; Bousquet, Eric et alin Nature Communications (2016), 7The control of optical fields is usually achieved through the electro-optic or acousto-optic effect in single-crystal ferroelectric or polar compounds such as LiNbO3 or quartz. In recent years, tremendous ... [more ▼]The control of optical fields is usually achieved through the electro-optic or acousto-optic effect in single-crystal ferroelectric or polar compounds such as LiNbO3 or quartz. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in ferroelectric oxide thin film technology—a field which is now a strong driving force in areas such as electronics, spintronics and photovoltaics. Here, we apply epitaxial strain engineering to tune the optical response of BiFeO3 thin films, and find a very large variation of the optical index with strain, corresponding to an effective elasto-optic coefficient larger than that of quartz. We observe a concomitant strain-driven variation in light absorption—reminiscent of piezochromism—which we show can be manipulated by an electric field. This constitutes an electrochromic effect that is reversible, remanent and not driven by defects. These findings broaden the potential of multiferroics towards photonics and thin film acousto-optic devices, and suggest exciting device opportunities arising from the coupling of ferroic, piezoelectric and optical responses. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (12 ULiège) Large Excess of Heavy Nitrogen in Both Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanogen from Comet 17P/HolmesBockelée-Morvan, D.; Biver, N.; Jehin, Emmanuel et alin Astrophysical Journal (2008), 679(Letters), 49-52From millimeter and optical observations of the Jupiter-family comet 17P/Holmes performed soon after its huge outburst of 2007 October 24, we derive [SUP]14[/SUP]N/[SUP]15[/SUP]N = 139 +/- 26 in HCN and ... [more ▼]From millimeter and optical observations of the Jupiter-family comet 17P/Holmes performed soon after its huge outburst of 2007 October 24, we derive [SUP]14[/SUP]N/[SUP]15[/SUP]N = 139 +/- 26 in HCN and [SUP]14[/SUP]N/[SUP]15[/SUP]N = 165 +/- 40 in CN, establishing that HCN has the same nonterrestrial isotopic composition as CN. The same conclusion is obtained for the long-period comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) after a reanalysis of previously published measurements. These results are compatible with HCN being the prime parent of CN in cometary atmospheres. The [SUP]15[/SUP]N excess relative to the Earth's atmospheric value indicates that N-bearing volatiles in the solar nebula underwent important N isotopic fractionation at some stage of solar system formation. HCN molecules never isotopically equilibrated with the main nitrogen reservoir in the solar nebula before being incorporated in Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt comets. The [SUP]12[/SUP]C/[SUP]13[/SUP]C ratios in HCN and CN are measured to be consistent with the terrestrial value. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (5 ULiège) Large group teaching: the distance learning solution?Pasleau, Françoise ; Doseray, Patrick; Fairon, Nicolas et alPoster (2005, June)Problem-based learning has been introduced at the University of Liège for four years now. The medical library was committed with the organisation of different activities (60 hours/2 years), starting with ... [more ▼]Problem-based learning has been introduced at the University of Liège for four years now. The medical library was committed with the organisation of different activities (60 hours/2 years), starting with the control of basic computer litteracy, continuing with an analysis of the structure of the different document types used for scientific communication as well as the discovery of both traditional and electronic medical libraries, to end with guidelines for information retrieval. Such courses requested new approaches and several difficulties had to be taken into consideration including : 1. The transfer of skills rather than kowledge. Some theoretical bases have to be taught before practicing. But the students mostly need to be challenged with different situations requesting different approaches of litterature searching. 2. The course is given before the students feel the need of it. The librarians enconter the students during the first semester of the second year before the students are asked to search the medical litterature to build their own knowledge about clinical matters. 3. The absence of motivation. Second year medical students are focused on major courses in basic and preclinical sciences. 4. Large group teaching (n ≥ 300). All the sections of the medical Faculty are concerned. 5. Inadequate logistic support. Small sized computer rooms do not allow the organization of very many parallel hand-on sessions. 6. Insufficient teaching staffs. Distance learning tools were used to develope online activities complementary to face to face teaching. They are focused on practice. Links to the theory are provided but only when they are indispensable. Many quizzes are also proposed in order to trigger critical mind and auto-evaluation. By January 2005, a first cycle will be completed from the beginning of the course to the final examination. We plan to survey students from every section in order to evaluate the impact of this new teaching strategy. Their observations will be reported as well as our conclusions and suggestions for possible improvements. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 91 (5 ULiège) Large Leptonic Mixing and Quasi-degenerate NeutrinosWegman Ostrosky, Daniel Conference (2014)Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULiège)