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(Eds.) Proceedings of the 6th Joint EPS-APS International Conference on Physics Computing. PC'94. Physics Computing '94 (1994)A cellular automaton (CA) formulation is devised to simulate 2-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard convection. The model is tested in the case of a standard plane-parallel shallow configuration for which ... [more ▼]A cellular automaton (CA) formulation is devised to simulate 2-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard convection. The model is tested in the case of a standard plane-parallel shallow configuration for which analytical solutions of the hydrodynamical formulation are available at low enough Rayleigh numbers. If we use a measure of the intensity of gravity, k, as our free parameter (the analogue of the Rayleigh number), all other model parameters being fixed, then we can reproduce the well-known stationary roll-pattern predicted by the hydrodynamic theory at low k values. At higher k values the model exhibits a nonstationary turbulent flow pattern. Our formulation is extended to less trivial geometries for which an analytic treatment in the usual hydrodynamic context is not feasible. Besides geometry-constrained stationary patterns of motion in a range of low k values, this model exhibits again turbulent motions at higher k values [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 133 (3 ULiège) 2D Computations of g-modes in Fast Rotating StarsBallot, J.; Lignières, F.; Prat, V. et alin Shibahashi, H; Takata, M; Lynas-Gray, A. E. (Eds.) Progress in Solar/Stellar Physics with Helio- and Asteroseismology (2012, September 01)We present complete 2D computations of g-modes in distorted polytropic models of stars performed with the Two-dimensional Oscillation Program (TOP). We computed low-degree modes (ℓ =1 modes with radial ... [more ▼]We present complete 2D computations of g-modes in distorted polytropic models of stars performed with the Two-dimensional Oscillation Program (TOP). We computed low-degree modes (ℓ =1 modes with radial order n = -1,…,-14, and ℓ = 2, 3 modes with n = -1,…,-5 and -16,…,-20) of a non-rotating model and followed them by slowly increasing the rotation rate up to 70 % of the Keplerian break-up velocity. We use these computations to determine the domain of validity of perturbative methods up to the 3rd order. We study the evolution of the regularities of the spectrum and show quantitative agreement with the traditional approximation for not too large values of the ratio of the rotation rate to the pulsation frequency. We also show the appearance of new types of modes, called “rosette” modes due to their spatial structure. Thanks to the ray theory for gravito-inertial waves that we developed, we can associate these modes with stable periodic rays. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (7 ULiège) 2D DIGE, label free quantification, principal component and mass spectrometry analysis for biomarkers discovery in MCF-7/BOS cells exposed to 17β-estradiol and endocrine disruptors.Collodoro, Mike ; Lemaire, Pascale; Eppe, Gauthier et alin Organohalogen Compounds (2011)Endocrine system disruption has become a subject of great interest over the last few decades, since it has become evident that natural and also synthetic substances can mimic or reduce the activity of ... [more ▼]Endocrine system disruption has become a subject of great interest over the last few decades, since it has become evident that natural and also synthetic substances can mimic or reduce the activity of endogenous hormones. Compounds with estrogenic activity are an important family of potential endocrine disruptors that have to be monitored either in the food chain or in the environment. Estrogens are known to induce or promote hormonal dependent cancers, to reduce sperm counts and fertility in men and generate the feminization of exposed wildlife populations. The rapid screening of unwanted chemicals in the food chain is beset by difficulties. The number of toxic compounds is very large and no universal method can cope with their diversity. In this work, emergent differential proteomic techniques are used to discover a set of biomarkers for the development of a multiple estrogen contaminants screening test. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 55 (5 ULiège) 2D dynamic studies combined with the surface curvature analysis to predict Arias Intensity amplificationTorgoev, Almazbek ; Havenith, Hans-Balder in Journal of Seismology (2016)A 2D elasto-dynamic modelling of the pure topographic seismic response is performed for six models with a total length of around 23.0 km. These models are reconstructed from the real topographic settings ... [more ▼]A 2D elasto-dynamic modelling of the pure topographic seismic response is performed for six models with a total length of around 23.0 km. These models are reconstructed from the real topographic settings of the landslide-prone slopes situated in the Mailuu-Suu River Valley, Southern Kyrgyzstan. The main studied parameter is the Arias Intensity (Ia, m/sec), which is applied in the GIS-based Newmark method to regionally map the seismically-induced landslide susceptibility. This method maps the Ia values via empirical attenuation laws and our studies investigate a potential to include topographic input into them. Numerical studies analyse several signals with varying shape and changing central frequency values. All tests demonstrate that the spectral amplification patterns directly affect the amplification of the Ia values. These results let to link the 2D distribution of the topographically amplified Ia values with the parameter called as smoothed curvature. The amplification values for the low-frequency signals are better correlated with the curvature smoothed over larger spatial extent, while those values for the high-frequency signals are more linked to the curvature with smaller smoothing extent. The best predictions are provided by the curvature smoothed over the extent calculated according to Geli’s law. The sample equations predicting the Ia amplification based on the smoothed curvature are presented for the sinusoid-shape input signals. These laws cannot be directly implemented in the regional Newmark method, as 3D amplification of the Ia values addresses more problem complexities which are not studied here. Nevertheless, our 2D results prepare the theoretical framework which can potentially be applied to the 3D domain and, therefore, represent a robust basis for these future research targets. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (1 ULiège) 2D electrostatic problems with rounded cornersBuret, François; Dauge, Monique; Dular, Patrick et alin 18th Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG2011) (2011, July)The second order terms of a multiscale expansion for dealing with rounded corners in 2D electrostatic problems are studied. The heuristics and the sequence of problems to be solved are presented and ... [more ▼]The second order terms of a multiscale expansion for dealing with rounded corners in 2D electrostatic problems are studied. The heuristics and the sequence of problems to be solved are presented and finite element simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the method. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (1 ULiège) 2D Elemental imaging tool with a mobile EDXRF systemHocquet, François-Philippe ; Marchal, André ; Clar, Mathieu et alConference (2010)Detailed reference viewed: 37 (13 ULiège) 2D FEM MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE ULTIMATE BEHAVIOUR OF BOLTED T-STUBFrancavilla, Antonella Bianca ; Latour, Massimo; Piluso, Vincenzo et alin European conference on steel and composite structures , Naples 10-12 September 2014 (2014, September 10)The prediction of the behaviour of beam-to-column connections can be obtained by means of the so- called ¿component method¿, largely used in research studies and currently codified in Eurocode 3.The main ... [more ▼]The prediction of the behaviour of beam-to-column connections can be obtained by means of the so- called ¿component method¿, largely used in research studies and currently codified in Eurocode 3.The main feature of this approach is its ability to account for any kind of connection, provided that the basic components of deformability and strength are properly identified and modelled. The most important components of beam-to-column joints can be modelled by means of equivalent T-stubs, i.e. two equivalent T-shaped elements connected through the flanges by means of one or more bolt rows. In order to predict the T-stub behaviour, simplified theoretical models are provided by Eurocode 3 which allow to evaluate the T-stub stiffness and resistance. Conversely, there are no codified rules to predict the plastic deformation capacity. Therefore, methods for predicting the T-stub ductility in have been proposed in previous works. Other mechanical model for modelling of stiffness of bolted T-stub connection components have been illustrated. In addition also the modelling of the T-stub cyclic behaviour has been investigated. It can be observed that, even though theoretical models are very important in order to recognize the parameters which govern the stiffness, resistance and ductility of bolted T-stubs, they are not easy to be applied for predicting the overall monotonic and cyclic behaviour. For this reason, in this paper, a simple 2D FEM model representing the T-Stub behaviour has been developed using SAP2000 computer program and the accuracy of this approach has been verified by means of a comparison with available experimental results. In addition, the comparison between the proposed FEM model and the theoretical models previously proposed has been performed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULiège) A 2D finite volume multiblock flow solver applied to flood extension forecastingErpicum, Sébastien ; Archambeau, Pierre ; Detrembleur, Sylvain et alin García-Navarro, Pilar; Playán, Enrique (Eds.) Numerical modelling of hydrodynamics for water ressources (2008)ABSTRACT: this paper describes a quasi-3D free surface flow solver,developed for almost ten years at the University of Liege, and its application to flood extension forecasting. Based on the classical SWE ... [more ▼]ABSTRACT: this paper describes a quasi-3D free surface flow solver,developed for almost ten years at the University of Liege, and its application to flood extension forecasting. Based on the classical SWE, the finite volume numerical model deals with real topography and wetting-drying cells while exactly conserving the water volume. Multiblock options allow local refine-ment of the structured calculation grid and automatic mesh refinement enhances greatly compu-tation time. An additional depth-averaged k-ε type turbulence model increases the potentialities of the solver to represent real complex flows. Following a Regional Government decision, this solver has been officially chosen in 2003 to be used to compute inundation maps on 800 km of the main rivers of the Walloon Region in Belgium with a spatial resolution of 5 x 5 to 2 x 2 me-ters and using high resolution Digital Elevation Models. Results are presented in this paper. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 43 (4 ULiège) 2D foams in a rotating drumCaps, Hervé ; bronfort, arianneConference (2016)Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULiège) 2D Harmonic Balance FE Modelling of Electromagnetic Devices coupled to Nonlinear CircuitsGyselinck, J.; Dular, Patrick ; Geuzaine, Christophe et alin COMPEL (2004), 23(3), 800--812Detailed reference viewed: 44 (10 ULiège) 2D non-perturbative modeling of oscillations in rapidly rotating starsOuazzani, Rhita-Maria ; Dupret, Marc-Antoine ; Goupil, M. J. et alin Astronomical Notes (2010), 331We present and discuss results of a recently developped two dimensional non-perturbative method to compute accurate adiabatic oscillation modes of rapidly rotating stars . The 2D calculations fully take ... [more ▼]We present and discuss results of a recently developped two dimensional non-perturbative method to compute accurate adiabatic oscillation modes of rapidly rotating stars . The 2D calculations fully take into account the centrifugal distorsion of the star while the non-perturbative method includes the full influence of the Coriolis acceleration. These characteristics allows us to compute oscillation modes of rapid rotators - from high order p-modes in $\delta$Scuti stars, to low order p- and g-modes in $\beta$ Cephei or Be stars. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULiège) 2D numerical flow modeling in a macro-rough channelErpicum, Sébastien ; Meile, Tobias; Dewals, Benjamin et alin International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (2009), 61(11), 1227-1246A 2D numerical flow model, developed at the Research unit of Hydrology, Applied Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Constructions at ULg, has been applied to flows in a macro-rough channel. The model solves the ... [more ▼]A 2D numerical flow model, developed at the Research unit of Hydrology, Applied Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Constructions at ULg, has been applied to flows in a macro-rough channel. The model solves the shallow water equations (SWE) with a two length scale, depth-integrated k-type approach for turbulence modeling. Data for the comparison have been provided by experiments conducted at the Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions at EPFL. In the experiments with different non-prismatic channel configurations, namely large-scale cavities at the side walls, three different 2D flow characteristics could be observed in cavities. With the used numerical model features, especially regarding turbulence and friction modeling, a single set of bottom and side wall roughness could be found for a large range of discharges investigated in a prismatic channel. For the macro rough configurations, the numerical model gives an excellent agreement between experimental and numerical results regarding backwater curves and flow patterns if the side wall cavities have low aspect ratios. For configurations with high aspect ratios, the head loss generated by the preservation of important recirculation gyres in the cavities is slightly underestimated. The results of the computations reveal clearly that the separation of turbulence sources in the mathematical model is of great importance. Indeed, the turbulence related to 2D transverse shear effects and the 3D turbulence, generated by bed friction, can have very different amplitude. When separating these two effects in the numerical models, most of the flow features observed experimentally can be reproduced accurately. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 181 (67 ULiège) 2D Thermal model of powder injection laser cladding of high speed steels (HSS)Hashemi, Seyedeh Neda ; Gilles, Gatën; Tomé Jardin, Ruben Antonio et alScientific conference (2015, October 23)A two-dimensional multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of Laser cladding process is developed. This model allows studying the thermal field of the multilayer deposits during ... [more ▼]A two-dimensional multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of Laser cladding process is developed. This model allows studying the thermal field of the multilayer deposits during their development by laser, and the "flat" substrate on which the deposition is carried. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (10 ULiège) 2D Thermal model of powder injection laser cladding of high speed steels (HSS)Hashemi, Seyedeh Neda ; Gilles, Gatën; Tomé Jardin, Ruben Antonio et alConference (2015, October 23)A two-dimensional multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of Laser cladding process is developed. This model allows studying the thermal field of the multilayer deposits during ... [more ▼]A two-dimensional multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of Laser cladding process is developed. This model allows studying the thermal field of the multilayer deposits during their development by laser, and the "flat" substrate on which the deposition is carried. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (26 ULiège) 2D to 3D crossover of the magnetic properties in ordered arrays of iron oxide nanocrystalsFaure, Bertrand; Wetterskog, Erik; Gunnarsson, Klas et alin NANOSCALE (2013), 5(3), 953-960The magnetic 2D to 3D crossover behavior of well-ordered arrays of monodomain gamma-Fe2O3 spherical nanoparticles with different thicknesses has been investigated by magnetometry and Monte Carlo (MC ... [more ▼]The magnetic 2D to 3D crossover behavior of well-ordered arrays of monodomain gamma-Fe2O3 spherical nanoparticles with different thicknesses has been investigated by magnetometry and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Using the structural information of the arrays obtained from grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy together with the experimentally determined values for the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticles, we show that MC simulations can reproduce the thickness-dependent magnetic behavior. The magnetic dipolar particle interactions induce a ferromagnetic coupling that increases in strength with decreasing thickness of the array. The 2D to 3D transition in the magnetic properties is mainly driven by a change in the orientation of the magnetic vortex states with increasing thickness, becoming more isotropic as the thickness of the array increases. Magnetic anisotropy prevents long-range ferromagnetic order from being established at low temperature and the nanoparticle magnetic moments instead freeze along directions defined by the distribution of easy magnetization directions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 74 (0 ULiège) A 2D vertical finite volume solver using a level set approach for simulating free surface incompressible flowsDetrembleur, Sylvain ; Dewals, Benjamin ; Erpicum, Sébastien et alin European Journal of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering (2009), 2009(3), 4-9Detailed reference viewed: 75 (22 ULiège) A 2D vertical model for incompressibleflows, using a level set free surface trackingDetrembleur, Sylvain ; Erpicum, Sébastien ; Archambeau, Pierre et alPoster (2010, May)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (7 ULiège) 2D XFEM-based modeling of retraction and successive resections for preoperative image update.Vigneron, Lara M.; Duflot, Marc P.; Robe, Pierre et alin Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery (2009), 14(1-3), 1-20This paper considers an approach to improving outcomes for neurosurgery patients by enhancing intraoperative navigation and guidance. Currently, intraoperative navigation systems do not accurately account ... [more ▼]This paper considers an approach to improving outcomes for neurosurgery patients by enhancing intraoperative navigation and guidance. Currently, intraoperative navigation systems do not accurately account for brain shift or tissue resection. We describe how preoperative images can be incrementally updated to take into account any type of brain tissue deformation that may occur during surgery, and thus to improve the accuracy of image-guided navigation systems. For this purpose, we have developed a non-rigid image registration technique using a biomechanical model, which deforms based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). While the FEM has been used successfully for dealing with deformations such as brain shift, it has difficulty with tissue discontinuities. Here, we describe a novel application of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) in the field of image-guided surgery in order to model brain deformations that imply tissue discontinuities. In particular, this paper presents a detailed account of the use of XFEM for dealing with retraction and successive resections, and demonstrates the feasibility of the approach by considering 2D examples based on intraoperative MR images. To evaluate our results, we compute the modified Hausdorff distance between Canny edges extracted from images before and after registration. We show that this distance decreases after registration, and thus demonstrate that our approach improves alignment of intraoperative images. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULiège) 2D-COSY NMR spectroscopy as a quantitative tool in biological matrix: Application to cyclodextrinsDufour, Gilles ; De Tullio, Pascal ; Evrard, Brigitte in AAPS journal (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 36 (6 ULiège) 2D-DIGE analysis of differential protein expression in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as a consequence of increased carbon dioxide in the incubator during the first 10 days of embryonic development.De Smit, Lieve; Bruggeman, Veerle; Van den Bergh, Gert et alPoster (2006)Detailed reference viewed: 15 (1 ULiège)