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{\title Holocene Records of Aerosols in Continental Environments (HoRACE)}{\operator User}{\creatim\yr2008\mo2\dy19\hr15\min39}{\revtim\yr2008\mo2\dy19\hr15\min39}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords551}{\nofchars3032}{\nofcharsws3576}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\cgrid\langnp1036\langfenp1036 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
\par Holocene Records of Aerosols in Continental Environments (HoRACE)
\par 
\par G. Le Roux* (1), F. De Vleeschouwer (1,2), A. Cheburkin (3), M. Krachler (3),W. Shotyk (3), N. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf2\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696\charrsid7225728 Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf2\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid7225728\charrsid7225728 tt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf2\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696\charrsid7225728 ielli }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
(4), N. Fagel (1)
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid459696\charrsid4391890 (1) Unit\'e9 de Recherche Argiles et Pal\'e9oclimats (URAP)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7225728 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf2\insrsid7225728\charrsid7225728 G\'e9ochimie s\'e9
dimentaire\~: environnement marin et continentaux, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid459696\charrsid4391890 D\'e9partement de G\'e9ologie, B18, Sart-Tilman, All\'e9e du 6 Ao\'fbt, B-4000 Li\'e8ge Belgique,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 (2) GADAM Centre of Excellence, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Gliwice{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Absolute Dating Methods Centre,

\par Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gliwice{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Poland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par (3) Institute of Environmental Geochemistry, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose} of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Heidelberg{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid459696\charrsid4391890 (4) Isotope Petrology and Environment, Universit\'e9 Libre de Bruxelles
\par 
\par *gael.le.roux.pro@gmail.com
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14887713 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 Present and future environmental changes, including climate change, will induce variations in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 atmospheric particle loading that have necessarily environmental feedbacks. It is widely accepted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid16143823  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 that comparing results of Global Climate Models (GCM) with palaeoenvironmental data is the best}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 way to test their performance of prediction. Europe is especially influenced by Sahara: its source}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 strength for dust transport to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose} was estimated at 80\endash 120\'d7106 t year\u8722\'2d1. The changing
\par frequency of Saharan dust events over recent decades has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf2\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696\charrsid16143823 been noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
 by several authors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
Apart ice records, there is no Holocene perspective on these environmental changes in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 Records of dust loading summarized in the network DIRTMAP exist for different places in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 world on a 102-103 ky. timescale. However, there are no precise investigations on dust loading on a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 shorter timescale and for the Holocene in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 Peat cores from ombrotrophic peatlands can offer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159013\langnp2057\insrsid459696\delrsid4413003 
these necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 high-resolution records of dust intensity and origin in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\revised\lang2057\langfe1036\revauth1\revdttm1187159013\langnp2057\insrsid4413003  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 During the last 20 years, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159013\langnp2057\insrsid459696\delrsid4413003 peat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 cores from ombrotrophic Sphagnum peatlands have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 proved to be meaningful archives of atmospheric deposition of trace elements. Lead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 especially has been extensively studied and its immobility in the peat column is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\revised\lang2057\langfe1036\revauth1\revdttm1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid4413003 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 demonstrated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
Whereas the potential of peat cores as archives of recent and ancient pollutions has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
been increasingly investigated, using peat cores as archives of atmospheric deposition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid14887713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 of trace 
elements for the entire Holocene remains less investigated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
This presentation will first focus on our progress in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
sampling, analyses and age dating peat profiles to offer a continuous record of atmospheric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
trace elements deposition and the possibility to compare them with other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid459696\delrsid4413003 kinds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid4391890\delrsid4413003  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid459696\delrsid4413003 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 archives. The behaviour of useful elements like Sr, Rb or REE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid459696\delrsid4413003  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 will also briefly be discussed in order to trace dust origin.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 Then first results on dust variability investigated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\deleted\lang2057\langfe1036\revauthdel1\revdttmdel1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid459696\delrsid459696 european }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\revised\lang2057\langfe1036\revauth1\revdttm1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid459696 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\revised\lang2057\langfe1036\revauth1\revdttm1187159014\langnp2057\insrsid459696 uropean }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
peat cores will be presented. Local changes in atmospheric dust composition are recorded in peat bogs and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 could be compared to global records of polar ice cores. For example, this study shows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 that there is a sharp change in the dust geochemical composition around 3700 B.C. (around 5700}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 B.P.) recorded in peat cores from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}. The reason of this change lasting not longer than ca. 100-200 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 could be due to a variation in atmospheric sources}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 of dust during the Middle-Holocene. At this time, major climatic changes occurred in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Africa{\*\xmlclose} as recorded in tropical lakes sediments and Kilimanjaro ice core}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\revised\lang2057\langfe1036\revauth1\revdttm1187159015\langnp2057\insrsid459696  (+ ref?)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 . A change in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 the regime of Sahara dust emission, which is the main contributor to natural dust in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}, can therefore explain this abrupt shift in dep
osited dust composition for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 European bogs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid4391890  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
Finally, future work on isotope and mineralogical investigations of Holocene peat samples will be presented in order to trace dust origin.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1036\langnp2057\insrsid459696 
\par }}