Intensity, determinants, and impacts of liana load on tropical trees in central Africa
Atlantic highland evergreen forest (Atla-F)
semideciduous forest (Semi-F) 
evergreen-semideciduous forest on sandstone (Sand-F)
The four liana load categories were: 0 for no lianas in the crown, 1 for 1%–25% of the crown covered by lianas leaves, 
2 for 26%–50% of the crown covered and 3 for > 51% of the crown covered
Leaf habit (evergreen vs deciduous), 
regeneration guild (SB: shade‐bearer, P: pioneer, and NPLD: non-pionner light demanding) and 
dispersal mode (Un: unassisted, An: animal dispersal, Wi: wind)