
@inproceedings{hirata_allometric_????,
	title = {Allometric equations between {DBH} and sunny-crown area derived from high resolution satellite data in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands},
	abstract = {We can get information of individual crowns from high resolution satellite data. In general, a volume of tree is estimated from {DBH} and tree height in plantations, while tree height is determined from a heightdiameter curve in many cases. Therefore, we need to estimate {DBH} from individual crown when we estimate stand volume from individual ones by high resolution satellite data. In the case, we assume an allometric relationship between {DBH} and sunny crown area derived from high resolution satellite data. The coefficients of the allometric equation between them are influenced by stand conditions as well as planted species. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the coefficients of allometric equations between them in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa strands and stand parameters such as stand age, stand density, mean {DBH}, stand height. We found allometric equations between sunny crown area obtained from {QuickBird} panchromatic data using a watershed method and {DBH} measured in field survey. The equation can be expressed as y=axb. The coefficients, {\textquoteleft}a{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}b{\textquoteright}, were determined with the least-squares method for the plots of 41 years old and over. For Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa, we performed a multiple regression analysis using the coefficients {\textquoteleft}a{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}b{\textquoteright} of the allometric equation and stand parameters such as stand age, stand density, {DBH}, mean tree height and relative spacing respectively. As a result, the multiple correlation coefficients for Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa were both 0.83 for {\textquoteleft}a{\textquoteright} and 0.72 and 0.83 for {\textquoteleft}b{\textquoteright} respectively. The analysis made it clear that the parameter of allometric equation depended on each stand parameters.},
	booktitle = {Forestsat 2007- Forests and Remote sensing : Methods and Operational Tools},
	author = {Hirata, Yasumasa and Tsubota, Yukinori and Sakai, Atsushi},
	keywords = {allometric equation, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, diameter at breast height, multiple regression analysis, {QuickBird} panchromatic data, stand parameter, sunny crown area}
},

@article{wang_estimating_2007,
	title = {Estimating Stem Volume Using {QuickBird} Imagery and Allometric Relationships for Open Populus xiaohei Plantations},
	volume = {49},
	abstract = {There has been a great deal of interest in studying the crown of trees using remote sensing data. In this study, crown width was extracted from high-resolution {QuickBird} images for open Populus xiaohei plantations. Regression models for predicting the individual stem volumes of Populus xiaohei were established using extracted crown width, as well as estimated tree parameters (i.e. diameter at breast height [{DBH]} and tree height) as predictors. Our results indicated that crown width could be accurately extracted from {QuickBird} images using a multi-scale segmentation approach with a mean relative error of 5.74\%, especially for wide-spacing stands. Using either extracted crown width alone or with estimated {DBH} and tree height can successfully estimate individual stem volume of Populus xiaohei with the R2 value ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 depending on different model forms. In particular, the two second-order polynomial models (model 2 and model 6), based on {QuickBird} image-derived crown widths and estimated {DBH} and tree heights, respectively, were the best at describing the relationship between stem volume and tree characteristics.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Journal of Integrative Plant Biology},
	author = {Wang, X-Q. and Li, Z-Y. and X-E., Liu and G., Deng and Z-H., Jiang},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {at, breast, Crown, diameter, Height, height., image, Populus, Quickbird, stem, {TREE}, volume, xiaohei},
	pages = {1304{\textendash}1312}
},

@article{gong_3d_2002,
	title = {{3D} model-based tree measurement from high-resolution aerial imagery},
	volume = {68},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing},
	author = {Gong, P. and Sheng, Y. and Biging, {GS}},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1203--1212}
},

@article{sanchez-azofeifa_estimation_2011,
	title = {Estimation of the Distribution of Tabebuia guayacan (Bignoniaceae) Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1424-8220},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/4/3831/},
	doi = {10.3390/s110403831},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Sensors},
	author = {Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A. and Rivard, Benoit and Wright, Joseph and Feng, Ji-Lu and Li, Peijun and Chong, Mei Mei and Bohlman, Stephanie A.},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {3831{\textendash}3851}
},

@article{dandois_remote_2010,
	title = {Remote Sensing of Vegetation Structure Using Computer Vision},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/4/1157},
	doi = {10.3390/rs2041157},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-02-01},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	author = {Dandois, Jonathan P. and Ellis, Erle C.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1157--1176},
	file = {Remote Sensing | Free Full-Text | Remote Sensing of Vegetation Structure Using Computer Vision:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\HKSHME6T\1157.html:text/html}
},

@article{baltsavias_high-quality_2008,
	title = {High-quality image matching and automated generation of {3D} tree models},
	volume = {29},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431160701736513},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-02-08},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	author = {Baltsavias, E. and Gruen, A. and Eisenbeiss, H. and Zhang, L. and Waser, L. T.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1243--1259},
	file = {Snapshot:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\GK3DVBWK\01431160701736513.html:text/html}
},

@article{pierrot-deseilligny_multiresolution_2006,
	title = {A multiresolution and optimization-based image matching approach: An application to surface reconstruction from {SPOT5-HRS} stereo imagery},
	volume = {36},
	shorttitle = {A multiresolution and optimization-based image matching approach},
	url = {http://www.micmac.ign.fr/svn/micmac/trunk/Documentation/DocMicMac/ankara2006-pierrot.pdf},
	number = {{1/W41}},
	urldate = {2013-02-06},
	journal = {Int. Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences},
	author = {Pierrot-Deseilligny, M. and Paparoditis, N.},
	year = {2006}
},

@article{anderson_lightweight_2013,
	title = {Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles will revolutionize spatial ecology},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/120150},
	urldate = {2013-04-08},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	author = {Anderson, Karen and Gaston, Kevin J.},
	year = {2013},
	file = {[PDF] {\`a} partir de esa.org:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\6PDVE3IX\Anderson et Gaston - 2013 - Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles will revoluti.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\4BV5J3SZ\120150.html:text/html}
},

@article{massada_assessment_2006,
	title = {Assessment of temporal changes in aboveground forest tree biomass using aerial photographs and allometric equations},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {00455067},
	doi = {10.1139/X06-152},
	abstract = {Studies of forest biomass dynamics typically use long-term forest inventory data, available in only a few places around the world. We present a method that uses photogrammetric measurements from aerial photographs as an alternative to time-series field measurements. We used photogrammetric methods to measure tree height and crown diameter, using four aerial photographs of Yatir Forest, a semi-arid forest in southern Israel, taken between 1978 and 2003. Height and crown-diameter measurements were transformed to biomass using an allometric equation generated from 28 harvested Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees. Mean tree biomass increased from 6.37 kg in 1978 to 97.01 kg in 2003. Mean plot biomass in 2003 was 2.48 kg/m2 and aboveground primary productivity over the study period ranged between 0.14 and 0.21 kg/m2 per year. There was systematic overestimation of tree height and systematic underestimation of crown diameter, which was corrected for at all time points between 1978 and 2003. The estimated biomass was significantly related to field-measured biomass, with an R2 value of 0.78. This method may serve as an alternative to field sampling for studies of forest biomass dynamics, assuming that there is sufficient spatial and temporal coverage of the investigated area using high-quality aerial photography, and that the tree tops are distinguishable in the photographs. {\textcopyright} 2006 {NRC.}},
	language = {English},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	author = {Massada, {A.B.} and Carmel, Y. and Even Tzur, G. and Gr{\"u}nzweig, {J.M.} and Yakir, D.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {2585--2594},
	annote = {Cited By (since 1996):9}
},

@article{kuyah_crown_2012,
	title = {Crown area allometries for estimation of aboveground tree biomass in agricultural landscapes of western Kenya},
	volume = {86},
	issn = {0167-4366, 1572-9680},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10457-012-9529-1.pdf},
	doi = {10.1007/s10457-012-9529-1},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2013-05-23},
	journal = {Agroforestry Systems},
	author = {Kuyah, Shem and Muthuri, Catherine and Jamnadass, Ramni and Mwangi, Peter and Neufeldt, Henry and Dietz, Johannes},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {267--277},
	file = {10.1007/s10457-012-9529-1.pdf:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\XZGXS7AE\10.1007s10457-012-9529-1.pdf:application/pdf}
},

@article{fu_nonlinear_2013,
	title = {Nonlinear mixed-effects crown width models for individual trees of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in south-central China},
	volume = {302},
	issn = {03781127},
	doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.036},
	abstract = {An individual-tree crown width model was developed with data from 2461 Cunninghamia lanceolata trees in 103 sample plots located on a Huangfengqiao state-owned forest farm in south-central China. To prevent correlations between observations from the same sample plot but different classes of site index, we developed a nested two-level nonlinear mixed-effects ({NLME)} model that accounts for the random effects of site index classes and sample plots on tree crown width. Various stand and tree characteristics were evaluated for their contribution to model improvement. The best random-effects combination for the two-level {NLME} model was determined by Akaike's information criterion and logarithm likelihood. Heteroskedasticity was reduced by three residual variance functions: exponential function, power function and constant plus function. The prediction abilities of the model were tested at the levels of population average, site index class, and combined site index class/plot. Significant predictors of tree crown width were diameter at breast height, dominant height, height to crown base and height. Heteroskedasticity was most successfully removed by the power function. The interaction between site index class and plot played a more important role than site index class alone. The prediction accuracy of the final model with nested two levels of site index class and plot was higher than the model only at site index class level or at population average level. Additional stand and tree variables (such as canopy density) further improve the prediction efficacy of the model. This article focuses on the research methods, which could be adopted in similar studies of other tree species. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier {B.V.}},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
	author = {Fu, L. and Sun, H. and Sharma, {R.P.} and Lei, Y. and Zhang, H. and Tang, S.},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Cunninghamia lanceolata, Heteroskedasticity, Individual-tree crown width model, Two-level nonlinear mixed-effects model},
	pages = {210--220}
},

@article{dandois_high_2013,
	title = {High spatial resolution three-dimensional mapping of vegetation spectral dynamics using computer vision},
	volume = {136},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	author = {Dandois, Jonathan P and Ellis, Erle C},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {259{\textendash}276}
},

@misc{mcgaughey_fusion/ldv:_2013,
	title = {{FUSION/LDV:} Software for {LIDAR} data analysis and visualization},
	shorttitle = {{FUSION/LDV}},
	author = {{McGaughey}, R. J.},
	year = {2013}
},

@article{sonmez_diameter_2009,
	title = {Diameter at breast height-crown diameter prediction models for Picea orientalis},
	volume = {4},
	url = {http://www.academicjournals.org/AJar/PDF/pdf%202009/Mar/S%C3%B6nmez.pdf},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-06-25},
	journal = {African Journal of Agricultural Research},
	author = {S{\"o}nmez, Turan},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {215{\textendash}219},
	file = {[PDF] {\`a} partir de academicjournals.org:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\PD6D2BS2\S{\"o}nmez - 2009 - Diameter at breast height-crown diameter predictio.pdf:application/pdf}
},

@article{troxel_relationships_2013,
	title = {Relationships between bole and crown size for young urban trees in the northeastern {USA}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {16188667},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ufug.2013.02.006},
	abstract = {Knowledge of allometric equations can enable urban forest managers to meet desired economic, social, and ecological goals. However, there remains limited regional data on young tree growth within the urban landscape. The objective of this study is to address this research gap and examine interactions between age, bole size and crown dimensions of young urban trees in New Haven, {CT}, {USA} to identify allometric relationships and generate predictive growth equations useful for the region. This study examines the 10 most common species from a census of 1474 community planted trees (ages 4-16). Regressions were applied to relate diameter at breast height (dbh), age (years since transplanting), tree height, crown diameter and crown volume. Across all ten species each allometric relationship was statistically (p\&lt;0.001) significant at an $\alpha$-level of 0.05. Consistently, shade trees demonstrated stronger relationships than ornamental trees. Crown diameter and dbh displayed the strongest fit with eight of the ten species having an R2\&gt;0.70. Crown volume exhibited a good fit for each of the shade tree species (R2\&gt;0.85), while the coefficients of determination for the ornamentals varied ({0.38\&lt;R2\&lt;0.73).} In the model predicting height from dbh, ornamentals displayed the lowest R2 ({0.33\&lt;R2\&lt;0.55)} while shade trees represented a much better fit (R2\&gt;0.66). Allometric relationships can be used to develop spacing guidelines for commonly planted urban trees. These correlations will better equip forest managers to predict the growth of urban trees, thereby improving the management and maintenance of New England's urban forests. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier {GmbH.}},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Urban Forestry and Urban Greening},
	author = {Troxel, B. and Piana, M. and Ashton, {M.S.} and Murphy-Dunning, C.},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Allometry, Growth projection, New Haven, Street tree management, Urban ecology, Urban forestry},
	pages = {144--153}
},

@article{white_utility_2013,
	title = {The Utility of Image-Based Point Clouds for Forest Inventory: A Comparison with Airborne Laser Scanning},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1999-4907},
	shorttitle = {The Utility of Image-Based Point Clouds for Forest Inventory},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/4/3/518},
	doi = {10.3390/f4030518},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-06-28},
	journal = {Forests},
	author = {White, Joanne and Wulder, Michael and Vastaranta, Mikko and Coops, Nicholas and Pitt, Doug and Woods, Murray},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {518--536},
	file = {Forests | Free Full-Text | The Utility of Image-Based Point Clouds for Forest Inventory: A Comparison with Airborne Laser Scanning:C:\Users\lisein.j\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\mmooilqf.default\zotero\storage\XBCAE5CR\518.html:text/html}
}